Multifunctional bonding of hydrogels
A robust hydrogel-solid hybrid formed of a substrate material having a nonporous and non-topographically patterned surface and a tough hydrogel bonded to the surface, the tough hydrogel having over 90 wt % water, and the hydrogel being bonded to provide interfacial toughness over 300 Jm −2 , and even over 1000 Jm −2 . The hydrogel is formed of polyacrylamide or polyethylene glycol diacrylate, which provide long-chain polymer networks, and chitosan, hyaluronan, or alginate, which provide mechanically dissipative components. An anchor, which can be a silane, a sulfide, or an amine, is disposed between the surface and the hydrogel to provide chemical bonding between the surface and the long-chain networks of the hydrogel.
1. An article comprising:
a substrate, the substrate having at least one surface that is non-porous and non-topographically patterned; and
an interpenetrating network (IPN) hydrogel having one or more long-chain polymer networks and one or more reversibly crosslinked polymer networks which are mechanically dissipative components,
wherein the IPN hydrogel directly bonds the at least one surface of the substrate that is non-porous and non-topographically patterned via chemical bonds that chemically anchor only the one or more long-chain polymer networks of the hydrogel, and
wherein the IPN hydrogel is bonded with an interfacial toughness of over 300 J/m2.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the one or more long-chain polymer networks interpenetrate the hydrogel.
3. The article of claim 2 , wherein the one or more long-chain polymer networks are crosslinked.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the IPN hydrogel includes chitosan, hyaluronan, or alginate.
5. The article of claim 2 , wherein the one or more long-chain polymer networks include polyacrylamide or polyethylene glycol diacrylate.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the substrate includes glass, silicon, ceramic, aluminum or titanium.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the IPN hydrogel includes more than 90% of water.
8. The article of claim 1 , wherein the IPN hydrogel is bonded with an interfacial toughness of over 1000 J/m2.