Gas sensors with structure to resist signal losses due to condensation
Embodiments of the disclosure relate to capillary controlled gas sensors comprising a top cap assembly, wherein the top cap assembly is operable to reduce the effects of condensation and pressure changes on the effectiveness of the gas sensor. The top cap assembly comprises a capillary controlled gas flow path, a bulk flow control assembly, and a raised boss surrounded by a moat.
1. A top cap assembly for use with a capillary controlled gas sensor comprising:
a top cap operable to be fitted into a recess in the capillary controlled gas sensor;
a capillary located within the top cap;
a bulk flow control assembly comprising:
a bulk flow membrane;
a bulk flow control disk located on top of the bulk flow membrane; and
a layer of adhesive attaching the bulk flow membrane and the bulk flow control disk, wherein the bulk flow control assembly is configured to control gas flow into the capillary in the top cap;
a raised boss attached to the bulk flow control assembly, wherein the raised boss comprises a first capillary well at the top of the capillary; and
a trench surrounding the raised boss, wherein the trench is operable to collect condensation formed on or around the bulk flow control assembly,
wherein the bulk flow control disk comprises a gas impermeable material to confine the gas flow laterally into the bulk flow membrane via a vertical edge of the bulk flow membrane, and wherein the vertical edge is defined by a circumferential surface of the bulk flow membrane along a height of the bulk flow membrane.
2. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the bulk flow control assembly is attached to the raised boss with an adhesive ring.
3. The assembly of claim 2 , wherein the adhesive ring comprises an opening allowing gas flow access to the first capillary well and capillary, and wherein the opening of the adhesive ring surrounds the first capillary well.
4. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the top cap comprises a second capillary well at a base of the capillary, wherein the second capillary well directs gas flow into a gas diffuser and sensing electrode.
5. The assembly of claim 4 , wherein the gas diffuser is attached to the top cap with an adhesive ring, and wherein the sensing electrode is heat-sealed onto the top cap.
6. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the bulk flow membrane comprises a hydrophobic material, that prevents condensation from blocking the gas flow into the bulk flow membrane.
7. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the top cap is secured to the capillary controlled gas sensor by ultrasonic welding.
8. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the top cap assembly comprises a circular shape, and wherein the bulk flow control assembly comprises a circular shape.
9. The assembly of claim 8 , wherein the bulk flow control disk comprises approximately the same diameter as the bulk flow membrane.
10. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the bulk flow membrane comprises a hydrophobic material, and the assembly further comprises an adhesive ring attaching the bulk flow control assembly to the raised boss, wherein the adhesive ring comprises an opening allowing gas flow access to the first capillary well and capillary, wherein the opening of the adhesive ring surrounds the first capillary well, wherein the top cap comprises a second capillary well at a base of the capillary, and wherein the second capillary well directs the gas flow into a gas diffuser and a sensing electrode.
11. The assembly of claim 10 , wherein the bulk flow control disk comprises approximately a same diameter as the bulk flow membrane, and wherein the gas flows through the bulk flow membrane via the vertical edge of the bulk flow membrane.
12. The assembly of claim 11 , wherein the gas flows laterally through the bulk flow membrane toward the opening in the adhesive ring, wherein the gas flows from the bulk flow membrane into the first capillary well, wherein the first capillary well directs the gas flow into the capillary, wherein the gas flows through the capillary to the second capillary well, wherein the second capillary well diffuses the gas flow into the gas diffuser, wherein the gas flow is diffused further by the gas diffuser, wherein the gas diffuser allows the gas to contact the sensing electrode, and wherein the gas is diffused by the gas diffuser to cover a larger surface area of the sensing electrode.
13. The assembly of claim 10 , wherein the bulk flow membrane comprises a low density, gas permeable material.
14. The assembly of claim 10 , wherein the gas diffuser is attached to the top cap with a second adhesive ring, and wherein the sensing electrode is heat-sealed onto the top cap.
15. A method for forming a gas sensor comprising a top cap assembly, the method comprising:
assembling a gas sensor that is filled with an electrolyte;
forming a top cap operable to be fitted into a recess in the gas sensor and comprising a capillary through the center of the top cap, a trench on a top of the top cap, and a raised boss in the middle of the trench;
placing an adhesive ring on the raised boss of the top cap, wherein the adhesive ring comprises an opening that surrounds the capillary;
attaching a bulk flow membrane to the adhesive ring; and
attaching a bulk flow control disk to the bulk flow membrane with a layer of adhesive between the bulk flow control disk and the bulk flow membrane to form a bulk flow control assembly that is configured to control a gas flow into the capillary in the top cap,
wherein the trench is configured to collect condensation formed on or around the bulk flow control assembly, and
wherein the bulk flow control disk comprises a gas impermeable material to confine the gas flow laterally into the bulk flow membrane via a vertical edge of the bulk flow membrane, and wherein the vertical edge is defined by a circumferential surface of the bulk flow membrane along a height of the bulk flow membrane.
16. The method of claim 15 further comprising attaching a dust membrane over the top cap and bulk flow control disk.
17. The method of claim 15 further comprising:
attaching a gas diffuser to a bottom of the top cap, at a base of the capillary; and
attaching a sensing element to the top cap below the gas diffuser.
18. The method of claim 15 further comprising determining a diameter of the bulk flow control disk with respect to a diameter of the bulk flow membrane to control the gas flow through the bulk flow membrane.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the bulk flow control disk comprises approximately the same diameter as the bulk flow membrane, and therefore only allows gas flow through the vertical edge of the bulk flow membrane.
20. The assembly of claim 1 , wherein the bulk flow membrane is configured to control the gas flow in the capillary.
21. A top cap assembly for use with a capillary controlled gas sensor comprising:
a top cap configured to be fitted into a recess in the capillary controlled gas sensor, the top cap having a raised boss, the top cap defining a capillary extending therethrough and a trench surrounding the raised boss where the raised boss defines a first capillary well at a top of the capillary; and
a bulk flow control assembly attached to the raised boss comprising:
a bulk flow membrane; and
a bulk flow control disk located on top of the bulk flow membrane; wherein the bulk flow control assembly is configured to control a gas flow into the capillary in the top cap, wherein the trench is configured to collect condensation formed on or around the bulk flow control assembly,
wherein the bulk flow control disk comprises a gas impermeable material to confine the gas flow laterally into the bulk flow membrane via a vertical edge of the bulk flow membrane, and wherein the vertical edge is defined by a circumferential surface of the bulk flow membrane along a height of the bulk flow membrane.
22. The assembly of claim 21 , wherein the bulk flow control assembly is attached to the raised boss with an adhesive ring.
23. The assembly of claim 22 , wherein the adhesive ring comprises an opening allowing gas flow access to the first capillary well and capillary, and wherein the opening of the adhesive ring surrounds the first capillary well.
24. The assembly of claim 21 , wherein the top cap comprises a second capillary well at a base of the capillary, wherein the second capillary well directs gas flow into a gas diffuser and sensing electrode.
25. The assembly of claim 21 , wherein the bulk flow membrane comprises a hydrophobic material, that prevents condensation from blocking the gas flow into the bulk flow membrane.
26. The assembly of claim 21 , wherein the bulk flow control disk has a first outer diameter, and wherein the bulk flow membrane has a second outer diameter.
27. The assembly of claim 26 , wherein the first outer diameter is substantially equivalent to the second outer diameter.