Flexible vibration module and display apparatus including the same
A flexible vibration module is disclosed. The flexible vibration module includes a piezoelectric composite layer, including: a plurality of piezoelectric portions each having a piezoelectric characteristic, where at least two of the plurality of piezoelectric portions have different sizes; and a flexible portion between the plurality of piezoelectric portions.
1. A flexible vibration module, comprising:
a piezoelectric composite layer, including:
a plurality of piezoelectric portions each having a piezoelectric characteristic, and configured to include a lower piezoelectric portion and an upper piezoelectric portion on the lower piezoelectric portion, wherein at least two of the plurality of piezoelectric portions have different sizes; and
a flexible portion between the plurality of piezoelectric portions,
a first counter electrode between the lower piezoelectric portion and the upper piezoelectric portion;
a second counter electrode between the lower piezoelectric portion and the upper piezoelectric portion;
an insulating layer between the first counter electrode and the second counter electrode;
a first electrode on a first surface of the plurality of piezoelectric portions and a first surface of the flexible portion; and
a second electrode on a second surface of the plurality of piezoelectric portions and a second surface of the flexible portion,
wherein each of the first surface and the second surface is configured to have a plane surface structure.
2. The flexible vibration module of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of piezoelectric portions has a different size and a different vibration frequency.
3. The flexible vibration module of claim 1 , wherein at least two of the plurality of piezoelectric portions have different lengths, different widths, and different thicknesses.
4. The flexible vibration module of claim 1 , wherein one of a length, a width, and a thickness of each of the plurality of piezoelectric portions increases or decreases progressively in a direction from at least one end of the piezoelectric composite layer to a center portion of the piezoelectric composite layer.
5. The flexible vibration module of claim 1 , wherein one of a length, a width, and a thickness of each of the plurality of piezoelectric portions randomly varies between one end and another end of the piezoelectric composite layer.
6. The flexible vibration module of claim 1 , wherein one of a length, a width, and a thickness of each of the plurality of piezoelectric portions increases or decreases progressively in a direction from one end of the piezoelectric composite layer to another end opposite to the one end.
7. The flexible vibration module of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of piezoelectric portions has a same thickness.
8. The flexible vibration module of claim 1 , wherein at least two of the lower piezoelectric portions have different thicknesses.
9. The flexible vibration module of claim 1 , wherein:
the plurality of piezoelectric portions have a same thickness; and
a thickness of each of the lower piezoelectric portions progressively or randomly changes in a direction from one end of the piezoelectric composite layer to another end opposite to the one end.
10. The flexible vibration module of claim 1 , further comprising an electrode between the lower piezoelectric portion and the upper piezoelectric portion.
11. A flexible vibration module, comprising:
a piezoelectric composite layer, including:
a plurality of piezoelectric portions each having a piezoelectric characteristic, and configured to include a lower piezoelectric portion and an upper piezoelectric portion on the lower piezoelectric portion; and
a flexible portion between the plurality of piezoelectric portions,
a first counter electrode between the lower piezoelectric portion and the upper piezoelectric portion;
a second counter electrode between the lower piezoelectric portion and the upper piezoelectric portion;
an insulating layer between the first counter electrode and the second counter electrode;
a first electrode on a first surface the plurality of piezoelectric portions and a first surface of the flexible portion; and
a second electrode on a second surface of the plurality of piezoelectric portions and a second surface of the flexible portion,
wherein each of the first surface and the second surface is configured to have a plane surface structure, and
wherein the piezoelectric composite layer has a plurality of vibration frequencies.
12. The flexible vibration module of claim 11 , wherein at least two of the plurality of piezoelectric portions have different vibration frequencies.
13. The flexible vibration module of claim 11 , wherein a vibration frequency of each of the plurality of piezoelectric portions progressively or randomly changes in a direction from one end of the piezoelectric composite layer to the other end opposite to the one end.
14. The flexible vibration module of claim 11 , wherein:
the plurality of piezoelectric portions have a same thickness; and
a thickness of each of the lower piezoelectric portions progressively thickens or thins in a direction from at least one end of the piezoelectric composite layer to a center portion of the piezoelectric composite layer.
15. The flexible vibration module of claim 11 , wherein:
each of the plurality of piezoelectric portions comprises an inorganic material; and
the flexible portion comprises at least one of an organic piezoelectric material and an organic non-piezoelectric material.
16. A display apparatus, comprising:
a flexible vibration module, including:
a piezoelectric composite layer, including:
a plurality of piezoelectric portions each having a piezoelectric characteristic, and configured to include a lower piezoelectric portion and an upper piezoelectric portion on the lower piezoelectric portion, wherein at least two of the plurality of piezoelectric portions have different sizes; and
a flexible portion between the plurality of piezoelectric portions;
a first counter electrode between the lower piezoelectric portion and the upper piezoelectric portion;
a second counter electrode between the lower piezoelectric portion and the upper piezoelectric portion;
an insulating layer between the first counter electrode and the second counter electrode;
a first electrode on a first surface of the piezoelectric portions and a first surface of the flexible portion;
a second electrode on a second surface of the piezoelectric portions and a second surface of the flexible portion; and
a display panel, wherein the display panel comprises a display area configured to display an image and vibrate according to a vibration of the flexible vibration module,
wherein each of the first surface and the second surface is configured to have a plane surface structure.
17. The display apparatus of claim 16 , further comprising a touch electrode configured to sense a touch, wherein the flexible vibration module is configured to vibrate according to the touch.
18. The display apparatus of claim 16 , wherein:
each of the plurality of piezoelectric portions comprises an inorganic material; and
the flexible portion comprises at least one of an organic piezoelectric material and an organic non-piezoelectric material.
19. The display apparatus of claim 16 , wherein:
the display panel comprises a first region and a second region;
the flexible vibration module is a first flexible vibration module in the first region of the display panel; and
a second flexible vibration module is included in the second region of the display panel.
20. The display apparatus of claim 19 , further comprising:
a rear structure on a rear surface of the display panel; and
at least one partition member between the display panel and the rear structure and between the first flexible vibration module and the second flexible vibration module.
21. The display apparatus of claim 19 , further comprising:
a rear structure on a rear surface of the display panel; and
a partition between the display panel and the rear structure, wherein the partition surrounds at least one of the first flexible vibration module and the second flexible vibration module.
22. The display apparatus of claim 21 , further comprising another partition between the display panel and the rear structure, the another partition surrounding both the first and second flexible vibration modules, and the partition.