Energy conversion and reaction system and method
A system is described that is capable of operating as an energy conversion system that functions as a fuel cell and generates electrical current from a fuel or fuels, or as a reactor for conversion of starter materials into more complex molecules through ion-ion and ion-molecules and which may preferably be adapted to operate as a gas to liquid (GTL) process. The system ionises at least one fuel or starter material and manipulates, selects and transports ions for reaction by means of suitable electrostatic or electrodynamic ion guides, filters or drift tubes. The system of the present application replaces the electrolyte, catalyst and/or membrane found in classic fuel cells or GTL processes with an electrostatic or electrodynamic ion manipulation region such as an ion guide, analyser, drift tube or filter.
1. A gas to liquid conversion device for converting at least one gaseous input stream to a liquid reaction product, the device comprising:
at least one first ionisation region and at least one second ionisation region to generate ions from respective input streams of starting material, wherein at least one of the respective input streams comprises a gas; and
at least one ion manipulation region for conveying generated ions from one or both of the at least one first ionisation region and the at least one second ionisation region, the ion manipulation region comprising at least one ion guide for filtering the generated ions, the ion manipulation region being configured to facilitate at least one of an ion-ion or an ion-molecule reaction between the generated ions of the respective streams to effect generation of a condensed reaction product output from the device as a liquid.
2. The device according to claim 1 , wherein one or both of the at least one first ionisation region and the at least one second ionisation region are configured to provide a soft ionization of the starting material.
3. The device according to claim 2 , wherein the soft ionisation is provided by one of the following: chemical ionisation, electrospray ionisation, microspray, nanospray ionisation, photoionisation, laser ionisation, field effect ionisation, electron impact, low temperature plasma ionisation, glow discharge ionisation, secondary ionisation, charge transfer and corona discharge ionisation.
4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one ion guide comprises one of the following: mass analyser, ion mobility spectrometer.
5. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising low loss ion optics for coupling the at least one ion manipulation region to the at least one first ionisation region.
6. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising low loss ion optics for coupling the at least one ion manipulation region to the at least one second ionisation region.
7. The device according to claim 5 , wherein the low loss optics comprises one of the following: RF-only ion guide, electrostatic lenses, Brubaker lens, einzel lens, stacked rings, cylinder lens or ion funnel, pre-filters, hexapoles, quadrupoles, octopoles, ion mobility, drift tubes, travelling wave ion guides, stacked ring ion guides, bunching optics or Stark decelerators.
8. The device according to claim 1 , further comprising a trap in the ion manipulation region for trapping the generated ions.
9. The device according to claim 8 , wherein the trap comprises one of the following: quadrupole, rectilinear, linear, toroidal or cylindrical ion trap.
10. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one ion guide further comprises an ion filter for selectively transferring the generated ions according to one or both of their mass to charge ratio and ion mobility.
11. The device according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of the at least one ion manipulation region, the at least one first ionisation region and the at least one second ionisation region are constructed from microfabricated components.
12. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one first ionisation region and the at least one second ionisation region are configured to have opposite polarities.
13. An energy conversion system comprising an array of devices according to claim 1 .