System and method for determining the timing of an engine event

1. A system for estimating an engine event location, comprising:

a reciprocating engine;

at least one knock sensor coupled to the reciprocating engine; and

a control system for:

receiving feedback from the at least one knock sensor;

estimating an engine parameter of the reciprocating engine based at least on the feedback and an Empirical Transform Function (ETF);

estimating a location of an engine event based on the engine parameter, wherein the engine event comprises a peak firing pressure of a cylinder of the reciprocating engine; and

adjusting operation of the reciprocating engine based at least on the location of the engine event.

2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the engine event comprises a closure of an exhaust valve of the reciprocating engine.

3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system is configured to adjust an engine timing map of the reciprocating engine, an oxidant/fuel ratio of the reciprocating engine, a flow of exhaust recirculation gas of the reciprocating engine, a position of an intake or exhaust valve of the reciprocating engine, or another operating parameter of the reciprocating engine in response to the location of the peak firing pressure.

4. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system is configured to estimate the engine parameter using a processed signal, and wherein the control system is configured to process the signal by performing a Fourier transform on the signal.

5. The system of claim 4 , wherein the control system is configured to multiply the processed signal by the ETF to determine a product, and wherein the control system is configured to perform a reverse Fourier transform on the product to estimate the engine parameter.

6. The system of claim 1 , wherein the ETF is an aggregation of a plurality of Empirical Transfer Function Estimates (ETFEs), and wherein the plurality of ETFEs are determined based on experimental data of the reciprocating engine.

7. The system of claim 1 , wherein the control system is configured to determine a differential between the location of the engine event and a set point location of the engine event, and wherein the control system is configured to adjust the operation of the reciprocating engine when the differential exceeds a threshold.

8. The system of claim 1 , wherein the feedback from the at least one knock sensor is a knock signal indicative of a vibration of a cylinder of the reciprocating engine.

9. The system of claim 6 , wherein, during a training mode, a respective ETFE of the plurality of ETFEs is based at least on a Fourier transform of a respective knock signal of a plurality of knock signals and on a Fourier transform of a respective engine parameter signal of a plurality of engine parameter signals.

10. A method for training a control system to estimate the location of peak firing pressure in a reciprocating engine, comprising:

receiving a plurality of knock signals from a knock sensor coupled to the reciprocating engine;

receiving a plurality of engine parameter signals from a second sensor of the reciprocating engine;

determining a plurality of Empirical Transfer Function Estimates (ETFEs), wherein a respective ETFE of the plurality of ETFEs is based at least on a Fourier transform of a respective knock signal of the plurality of knock signals and on a Fourier transform of a respective engine parameter signal of the plurality of engine parameter signals; and

aggregating the plurality of ETFEs to generate an Empirical Transform Function (ETF).

11. The method of claim 10 , wherein aggregating the plurality of ETFEs to generate the ETF comprises using an arithmetic mean aggregation technique, a logarithmic mean aggregation technique, a quotient aggregation technique, a minimum aggregation technique, another suitable aggregation technique, or any combination thereof.

12. The method of claim 10 , wherein determining a respective ETFE of the plurality of the ETFEs comprises assuming a relationship between the Fourier transform of the respective knock signal of the plurality of knock signals and the Fourier transform of the respective engine parameter of the plurality of engine parameters.

13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the relationship between the Fourier transform of the respective knock signal of the plurality of knock signals and the Fourier transform of the respective engine parameter of the plurality of engine parameters is a linear relationship.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the linear relationship between the Fourier transform of the respective knock signal of the plurality of knock signals and the Fourier transform of the respective engine parameter of the plurality of engine parameters is independent of time.

15. The method of claim 10 , wherein receiving the plurality of engine parameters from the second sensor comprises receiving plurality of pressure signals from a pressure sensor disposed in a cylinder of the reciprocating engine.

16. The method of claim 10 , wherein the reciprocating engine is a Waukesha VHP engine, a Jenbacher Type 4 engine, a CFR-RON engine, or any other internal reciprocating engine.

17. A system, comprising:

a reciprocating engine control system configured to:

receive a plurality of knock signals from a knock sensor coupled to the reciprocating engine;

receive a plurality of engine parameter signals from a second sensor;

determine a plurality of Empirical Transfer Function Estimates (ETFEs), wherein a respective ETFE of the plurality of ETFEs is based at least on a Fourier transform of a respective knock signal of the plurality of knock signals and on a Fourier transform of a respective engine parameter signal of the plurality of engine parameter signals;

aggregate the plurality of ETFEs to generate an Empirical Transform Function (ETF);

receive feedback from at least the knock sensor when the reciprocating engine operates to power a load;

estimate an engine parameter based at least on the feedback and the ETF;

estimate a location of an engine event corresponding based on the engine parameter; and

adjust operation of the reciprocating engine based at least on the location of the engine event.

18. The system of claim 17 , wherein control system is configured to adjust operation of the reciprocating based at least on the location of the engine event by adjusting an engine timing map of the reciprocating engine, an oxidant/fuel ratio of the reciprocating engine, a flow of exhaust recirculation gas of the reciprocating engine, a position of an intake or exhaust valve of the reciprocating engine, or another operating parameter of the reciprocating engine in response to the location of the engine event.

19. The system of claim 17 , wherein the control system is configured to aggregate the plurality of ETFEs to generate the ETF using an arithmetic mean aggregation technique, a logarithmic mean aggregation technique, a quotient aggregation technique, a minimum aggregation technique, another suitable aggregation technique, or any combination thereof.

20. The system of claim 17 , wherein the control system is configured to determine a respective ETFE of the plurality of the ETFEs by assuming a linear relationship between the Fourier transform of the respective knock signal of the plurality of knock signals and the Fourier transform of the respective engine parameter of the plurality of engine parameters.