System and method for building heating optimization using periodic building fuel consumption with the aid of a digital computer
A system and method to evaluate building heating fuel consumption with the aid of a digital computer is described. The evaluation can be used for quantifying personalized electric and fuel bill savings. Such savings may be associated with investment decisions relating to building envelope improvements; HVAC equipment improvements; delivery system efficiency improvements; and fuel switching. The results can also be used for assessing the cost/benefit of behavioral changes, such as changing thermostat temperature settings. Similarly, the results can be used for optimizing an HVAC control system algorithm based on current and forecasted outdoor temperature and on current and forecasted solar irradiance to satisfy consumer preferences in a least cost manner. Finally, the results can be used to correctly size a photovoltaic (PV) system to satisfy needs prior to investments by anticipating existing energy usage and the associated change in usage based on planned investments.
1. A system for building heating optimization using periodic building fuel consumption with the aid of a digital computer, comprising:
a computer comprising a processor configured to execute code stored in a memory, the computer configured to:
evaluate a thermal conductivity of a building based on a balance point up to which the building can be thermally sustained using only internal heating gains over a time period for a heating season;
determine fuel consumption for heating of the building over the time period using the balance point thermal conductivity; and
model an effect of an optimization of heating of the building on the determined fuel consumption, wherein the heating is optimized based on the modeling.
2. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the balance point thermal conductivity is a function of the thermal and average indoor temperature of the building over the time period, the computer further configured to determine a change in the fuel consumption upon a change in the average indoor temperature.
3. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel consumption is further determined based on a total thermal conductivity of the building, the computer further configured to determine a change in the fuel consumption upon a change in the total thermal conductivity due to one or more upgrades to a shell of the building.
4. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel consumption is further determined based on an efficiency of an HVAC system of the building, the computer further configured to determine a change in the fuel consumption upon a change in the efficiency of the HVAC system of the building.
5. A system according to claim 1 , wherein the fuel consumption is further determined based on a total thermal conductivity of the building, an average indoor temperature of the building over the time period, an average of the indoor temperature of the building over the time period, an average of an outdoor time temperature outside the building over the time period, an efficiency of the HVAC system outside the time period, and a duration of the time period.
6. A method for building heating optimization using on periodic building fuel consumption, comprising:
evaluating by a computer, the computer comprising a processor coupled to a memory, a thermal conductivity of a building based on a balance point up to which the building can be thermally sustained using only internal heating gains over a time period for a heating season;
determining by the computer fuel consumption for heating of the building over the time period using the balance point thermal conductivity; and
modeling by the computer an effect of an optimization of heating of the building on the determined fuel consumption, wherein the heating is optimized based on the modeling.
7. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the balance point thermal conductivity is a function of the thermal an average indoor temperature of the building over the time period, further comprising:
determining by the computer a change in the fuel consumption upon a change in the average indoor temperature.
8. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the fuel consumption is further determined based on a total thermal conductivity of the building, further comprising:
determining by the computer a change in the fuel consumption upon a change in the total thermal conductivity due to one or more upgrades to a shell of the building.
9. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the fuel consumption is further determined based on an efficiency of an HVAC system of the building, further comprising:
determining by the computer a change in the fuel consumption upon a change in the efficiency of the HVAC system of the building.
10. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the fuel consumption is further determined based on a total thermal conductivity of the building, an average indoor temperature of the building over the time period, an average of the indoor temperature of the building over the time period, an average of an outdoor time temperature outside the building over the time period, an efficiency of the HVAC system outside the time period, and a duration of the time period.
11. A system for determining building fuel consumption over a fixed time period with the aid of a digital computer, comprising:
a computer comprising a processor configured to execute code stored in a memory, the computer configured to:
identify a temperature difference between an average temperature outside and an average temperature inside the building over a time period for a heating season;
identify internal heating gains within the building over the time period;
find balance point thermal conductivity as a function of the internal heating gains over the temperature difference and duration of the time period;
determine fuel consumption for heating of the building over the time period using the balance point thermal conductivity and the temperature difference; and
model an effect of an optimization of heating of the building on the determined fuel consumption, wherein the heating is optimized based on the modeling.
12. A system according to claim 11 , wherein the internal heating gains are dependent on an effective window area of the building, the computer further configured to determine a change in the fuel consumption upon a change in the efficiency of the HVAC system of the building.
13. A system according to claim 11 , wherein the internal heating gains are identified based on occupant heating gains for the building, electric heating gains for the building, solar heating gains for the building, and auxiliary heating gains for the building.
14. A system according to claim 13 , the computer further configured to:
identify the solar energy that entered the building during the time period; and
determine the heating gain attributable to the identified solar energy as the solar heating gains.
15. A system according to claim 13 , the computer further configured to:
determine net electricity consumption in the building over the time period and adjusting the net electricity consumption, comprising the steps of at least one of:
find electricity produced by a photovoltaic system for the building over the time period; and
identify non-heating electricity consumption of those of the electric devices in operation in the building during the time period that did not contribute heat to the interior of a building; and
determine, as the electric heating gain, heating gain attributable to the identified electric devices as the sum of the net electricity consumption and the photovoltaic system-produced electricity less the non-heating electricity consumption.
16. A system according to claim 13 , the computer further configured to:
find the auxiliary heating gains Q Gains-Solar in the building during the time period in accordance with:
Q Gains-Auxiliary Heating =( Q Fuel )( H )η HVAC
where H represents the duration of the time period in hours, Q Fuel represents average hourly fuel consumed, and η HVAC represents HVAC system efficiency.
17. A system according to claim 13 , the computer further configured to:
find, as the occupant heating gain, the heating gain Q Gains-Occupants attributable to the average number of occupants P in accordance with:
Q Gains-Occupants =C ( P )( H )
where C represents a conversion factor for occupant heating gains, H represents the duration of the time period in hours, such that each person in P is assumed to produce units of heat per hour.
18. A system according to claim 11 , the computer further configured to determine a total thermal conductivity of the building, wherein the fuel consumption is further determined based on the total thermal conductivity for the building.
19. A system according to claim 18 , the computer further configured to determine a change in the fuel consumption upon a change in the total thermal conductivity due to one or more upgrades to a shell of the building.
20. A system according to claim 11 , wherein the fuel consumption is further determined based on an efficiency of an HVAC system of the building, the computer further configured to determine a change in the fuel consumption upon a change in the efficiency of the HVAC system of the building.