Separator and electrochemical device

1. An electrochemical device, comprising:

a cathode;

an anode; and

a separator;

wherein, the separator comprises a porous substrate and

a porous layer;

wherein the porous layer is disposed on a surface of the porous substrate and comprises inorganic particles and a binder; and the porous substrate has an absolute plastic deformation rate in a first direction ranging from about 40% to about 1800%, and

wherein the absolute plastic deformation rate is calculated according to an equation (L2−L0)/L0×100%, where L0 refers to a length of the porous substrate before stretching and L2 refers to a length of the porous substrate after the porous substrate is stretched to breakage and docked along the fracture caused by the breakage and flattened.

2. The electrochemical device according to claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate has an absolute plastic deformation rate in a second direction ranging from about 60% to about 1800%.

3. The electrochemical device according to claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate has at least one of the following properties:

an absolute plastic deformation rate in the first direction ranging from about 40% to about 1600%; and

an absolute plastic deformation rate in the second direction ranging from about 70% to about 1600%.

4. The electrochemical device according to claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate has at least one of the following properties:

a relative plastic deformation rate in the first direction ranging from about 50% to about 100%; and

a relative plastic deformation rate in the second direction ranging from about 60% to about 100%.

5. The electrochemical device according to claim 4 , wherein the porous substrate has at least one of the following properties:

a relative plastic deformation rate in the first direction ranging from about 65% to about 90%; and

a relative plastic deformation rate in the second direction ranging from about 75% to about 90%.

6. The electrochemical device according to claim 1 , wherein the binder comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, a vinylidene fluoride-trichloroethylene copolymer, polymethyl methacrylate, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylate, polyacrylonitrile, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl acetate, an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, polyimide, polyethylene oxide, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate butyrate, cellulose acetate propionate, cyanoethyl amylopectin, cyanoethyl polyvinyl alcohol, cyanoethyl cellulose, cyanoethyl sucrose, amylopectin, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, lithium carboxymethyl cellulose, an acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymer, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl ether, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyhexafluoropropylene, a styrene-butadiene copolymer, and polyvinylidene fluoride.

7. The electrochemical device according to claim 1 , wherein the inorganic particles comprise at least one selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, magnesia, titanium oxide, hafnium dioxide, tin oxide, cerium dioxide, nickel oxide, zinc oxide, calcium oxide, zirconia, yttria, silicon carbide, eboehmite, aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide and barium sulfate.

8. The electrochemical device according to claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate comprises a polymer film, a multilayer polymer film or a nonwoven fabric, wherein the polymer film, the multilayer polymer film or the nonwoven fabric is formed by any one or more of the following polymers: polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polyphenylene terephthamide, polyester, polyacetal, polyamide, polycarbonate, polyimide, polyetheretherketone, polyaryletherketone, polyetherimide, polyamideimide, polybenzimidazole, polyethersulfone, polyphenylene ether, a cyclic olefin copolymer, polyphenylene sulfide or polyethylene naphthalene.

9. The electrochemical device according to claim 1 , wherein the porous substrate has a thickness ranging from about 1 to about 40 μm.

10. The electrochemical device according to claim 1 , wherein the electrochemical device comprises lithium ion batteries.