Methods for silicide deposition
Methods for depositing a metal silicide are provide and include heating a substrate having a silicon-containing surface to a deposition temperature, and exposing the substrate to a deposition gas to deposit a silicide film on the silicon-containing surface during a chemical vapor deposition process. The deposition gas contains a silicon precursor, a titanium or other metal precursor, and a phosphorus or other non-metal precursor.
1. A method for depositing a metal silicide, comprising:
heating a substrate having a silicon-containing surface to a deposition temperature; and
exposing the substrate to a deposition gas to deposit a silicide film on the silicon-containing surface during a chemical vapor deposition process, wherein the deposition gas comprises a silicon precursor, a titanium precursor, and a phosphorus precursor;
wherein the silicide film has a Ti:Si atomic ratio from about 2:1 to about 15:1 and a P:Si atomic ratio about 2:1 to about 12:1.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the deposition temperature is in a range from about 400° C. to about 750° C.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silicide film comprises about 40 atomic percent (at %) to about 70 at % of titanium.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silicide film comprises about 50 at % to about 60 at % of titanium.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silicide film has a resistivity of about 150 μΩ-cm to about 300 μΩ-cm.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silicon precursor comprises silane, disilane, trisilane, tetrasilane, dichlorosilane, trichlorosilane, hexachlorodisilane, or any combination thereof, the titanium precursor comprises titanium tetrachloride, tetrakis(dimethylamido) titanium, tetrakis(diethylamido) titanium, or any combination thereof, and the phosphorus precursor comprises phosphine, phosphorus trichloride, or any combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silicon-containing surface is an upper surface of a source-drain, and wherein the silicide film is deposited thereon.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising depositing a dielectric layer or a metal-containing barrier on the silicide film.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the substrate containing the silicide film to a temperature in a range from about 800° C. to about 1,300° C. for a period of about 0.1 milliseconds to about 2 milliseconds during a millisecond anneal process.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the substrate containing the silicide film to a temperature in a range from about 600° C. to about 1,000° C. for a period of about 0.5 seconds to about 3 seconds during a spike anneal process.
11. The method of claim 1 , further comprising heating the substrate containing the silicide film to a temperature in a range from about 500° C. to about 700° C. for a period of about 10 seconds to about 1 minute during a soak anneal process.
12. A method for depositing a metal silicide, comprising:
heating a substrate having a silicon-containing surface to a deposition temperature in a range from about 400° C. to about 750° C., wherein the silicon-containing surface is an upper surface of a source-drain;
exposing the substrate to a deposition gas to deposit a silicide film on the silicon-containing surface during a chemical vapor deposition process, wherein the deposition gas comprises a silicon precursor, a titanium precursor, and a non-metal precursor;
depositing a dielectric layer or a metal-containing barrier on the silicide film; and
annealing the substrate containing the silicide film to a temperature of about 600° C. or greater;
wherein the silicide film comprises a titanium silicide phosphide; and
wherein the silicide film is deposited on an nMOS region of the source-drain.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the non-metal precursor comprises a phosphorus precursor, an arsenic precursor, a carbon precursor, a nitrogen precursor, or any combination thereof.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the silicide film comprises about 40 atomic percent (at %) to about 70 at % of titanium, about 20 at % to about 50 at % of phosphorus, and about 1 at % to about 25 at % of silicon.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein annealing the substrate further comprises:
heating the substrate containing the silicide film to a temperature in a range from about 800° C. to about 1,300° C. for a period of about 0.1 milliseconds to about 2 milliseconds during a millisecond anneal process;
heating the substrate containing the silicide film to a temperature in a range from about 600° C. to about 1,000° C. for a period of about 0.5 seconds to about 3 seconds during a spike anneal process; or
heating the substrate containing the silicide film to a temperature in a range from about 500° C. to about 700° C. for a period of about 10 seconds to about 1 minute during a soak anneal process.
16. A method for depositing a metal silicide, comprising:
heating a substrate having a silicon-containing surface to a deposition temperature; and
exposing the substrate to a deposition gas to deposit a silicide film on the silicon-containing surface during a chemical vapor deposition process, wherein the deposition gas comprises a silicon precursor, a titanium precursor, and a phosphorus precursor,
wherein the silicide film comprises about 50 at % to about 60 at % of titanium, about 25 at % to about 45 at % of phosphorus, and about 2 at % to about 15 at % of silicon.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the deposition temperature is in a range from about 400° C. to about 750° C.
18. A method for depositing a metal silicide, comprising:
heating a substrate having a silicon-containing surface to a deposition temperature in a range from about 400° C. to about 750° C., wherein the silicon-containing surface is an upper surface of a source-drain;
exposing the substrate to a deposition gas to deposit a silicide film on the silicon-containing surface during a chemical vapor deposition process, wherein the deposition gas comprises a silicon precursor, a titanium precursor, and a non-metal precursor;
depositing a dielectric layer or a metal-containing barrier on the silicide film; and
annealing the substrate containing the silicide film to a temperature of about 600° C. or greater;
wherein the silicide film comprises a titanium silicide boride; and
wherein the silicide film is deposited on a pMOS region of the source-drain.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the non-metal precursor comprises a boron precursor, a carbon precursor, or any combination thereof.
20. The method of claim 18 , wherein the silicide film comprises about 40 atomic percent (at %) to about 70 at % of titanium and about 1 at % to about 25 at % of silicon.