Electrode design for L-ion battery
A Li-ion battery includes a cathode; an anode having a primary active material, conductive carbon, binder, and reserve material; and a separator between the cathode and anode. The reserve material has a reaction potential between a lithium reaction potential and a primary active material reaction potential. The reserve material is configured to intercalate with lithium at the reaction potential responsive to the primary active material being fully intercalated to inhibit lithium plating on the anode.
1. A method of operating a Li-ion battery comprising:
responsive to a primary active material in an anode of the battery being fully intercalated at 100% SOC and an anode potential of the battery locally dropping below a primary active material potential at an interface between the anode and a separator upon conclusion of normal operation, irreversibly intercalating a layer of an anode reserve material with lithium at the interface,
wherein the reserve material is SrO, Mn 4 N, K 2 SO 4 , CaCl 2 , CaF 2 , SrF 2 , Ag, Mg, or Zn and has a reaction potential between 0 and 0.1 volts and is not reactive with lithium until the anode potential locally drops at the interface when the primary active material is fully intercalated to inhibit lithium plating on the anode.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anode includes the anode reserve material mixed with the primary active material, a conductive carbon, and a polymer binder.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the anode reserve material forms a layer disposed on a surface of the anode between the anode and a separator.