Oral pharmaceutical dosage form for the delivery of a peptide and/or protein
The invention relates to an oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form which comprises a thermoresponsive eutectic composition which is solid at or about room temperature and fluid at or about body temperature, the eutectic composition mixed together with a crosslinking agent and an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to form an API loaded region; and a porous polymeric composition at least partially surrounding the API loaded region to protect the API when the dosage form is in a stomach of the human or animal body, the porous polymeric composition allowing the ingress of water to contact the crosslinking agent thereby facilitating the crosslinking agent to cause crosslinking of the porous polymeric composition, which crosslinked porous polymeric composition allows controlled egress of API via egress of fluid thermoresponsive eutectic composition at the intestine. In a preferred embodiment, the dosage form further comprises a coating there around.
1. An oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form for site specific delivery of a pharmaceutically active ingredient to an intestine of a gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) of a human or animal body, the dosage form comprising:
a thermoresponsive eutectic composition which comprises a mixture of components in a ratio wherein the composition has a lower melting point than any of the components in the mixture and is solid at or about room temperature and fluid at or about body temperature, the eutectic composition mixed together with a crosslinking agent and an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) to form an API loaded region, and wherein room temperature is below body temperature; and
a porous polymeric composition at least partially surrounding the API loaded region to protect the API when the dosage form is in a stomach of the human or animal body, the porous polymeric composition allowing the ingress of water to contact the crosslinking agent thereby facilitating the crosslinking agent to cause crosslinking of the porous polymeric composition, which crosslinked porous polymeric composition allows controlled egress of API via egress of fluid thermoresponsive eutectic composition at the intestine, wherein the components of the thermoresponsive eutectic composition comprise menthol and cetomacrogol.
2. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 1 , wherein the crosslinking agent is at least one of the following group: salts, metal salts and electrolytes.
3. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 2 , wherein the salts are be at least one of the Hofmeister series of salts.
4. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 2 , wherein the crosslinking agent is sodium carbonate (NaCO 3 ) and di-potassium hydrogen orthophosphate anhydrous (K 2 HPO 4 ).
5. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 1 , wherein the API is at least one of the following group: an amino acid, peptide, oligopeptide, cyclic-peptide, protein and/or biomolecule including any one or more of the aforementioned.
6. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 1 , wherein the API is least one the following group: enfuvirtide; octreotide; cyclosporine; insulin; glucagon; glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) peptide antibiotics; bovine serum albumin (BSA), felodipine and nimodipine; interferon beta; salmon calcitonin; eel calcitonin; chicken calcitonin; rat calcitonin; human calcitonin; porcine calcitonin or any gene-variant of calcitonin; parathyroid hormone; parathyroid hormone analogue PTH 1-3 1NH 2 ; parathyroid hormone analogue PTH 1-34NH 2 ; insulin of any gene variant; vasopressin; desmopressin; buserelin; luteinizing hormone-releasing factor; erythropoietin; tissue plasminogen activators; human growth factor; adrenocorticototropin; interleukins; encephalin; etanercept; adalimumab; rituximab; infliximab; abatacept; traztuzumab; feglymycin; heparin; and vaccines.
7. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 1 , wherein the porous polymeric composition comprises at least one of the following group: polyethylene oxide (PEO), pectin, CHT-PEGDMA-MAA (chitosan-poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate-methacrylic acid) co-polymer particles, poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (PEGDMA), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), gellan gum, gelatin, poly(methacrylic acid-co-ethyl ethacrylate) (Eudragit), chitosan, poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), xanthan gum, poloxamer 407, poly (acrylic acid) (PAA), alginate, poly (N-isopropylacrylamide), polyphosphazenes, poly(d,l-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA).
8. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 1 , wherein the porous polymeric composition further comprises a pH modifier.
9. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 8 , wherein the pH modifier are at least one of the following group: citric acid, fumaric acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, malic acid and ascorbic acid.
10. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 1 , wherein the porous polymeric composition further comprises at least one first excipient.
11. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 10 , wherein the at least one first excipient is at least one of the following group: sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), magnesium stearate and sucrose, lactose, dextrin, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, pregelatinized starch, calcium phosphate, cellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), methylcellulose, alginic acid, gelatin, acacia gum, glyceryl monostearate, sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose, tragacanth gum, guar gum, glycerin, propylene glycol and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
12. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 11 , wherein the API loaded region further comprises a permeation enhancer to facilitate absorption of the API from the intestine into the bloodstream of the human or animal body.
13. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 1 , wherein the API loaded region is lyophilized to form a lyophilized API loaded region.
14. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 13 , wherein the lyophilized API loaded region comprises a cryoprotectant selected from the group consisting of sucrose, glucose, mannitol, fructose, trehalose, dextrose, lactose, glycerin, methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetamide and formamide.
15. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 1 , wherein the porous polymeric composition encapsulates the API loaded region forming a shell around a core of the API loaded region.
16. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 1 , wherein the dosage form comprises a first and second layer both comprising the porous polymeric composition and a third middle layer comprising the API loaded region.
17. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 1 , wherein the dosage form further comprises a coating there around.
18. The oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 17 , wherein the coating includes a cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and/or a P-glycoprotein (P-gp) efflux pump co-inhibitor.
19. A method of producing the oral polymeric pharmaceutical dosage form according to claim 1 , the method comprising the following steps:
forming the thermoresponsive eutectic composition;
mixing the API and a crosslinking agent together with the eutectic composition to form the API loaded region;
forming the porous polymeric composition; and
at least partially surrounding the API loaded region with the porous polymeric composition.