Thermoplastic optical device
The present disclosure describes optical devices and methods for manufacturing such optical devices. Namely, an example optical device includes a first optical transparent thermoplastic layer, a second optical transparent thermoplastic layer, and in between both thermoplastic layers, a diffractive optical element adjacent to one thermoplastic layer, a spacer in between the diffractive optical element and the other thermoplastic layer and, a border enclosing the diffractive element thereby forming a sealed cavity.
1. An optical device, comprising:
a first optical transparent thermoplastic layer;
a second optical transparent thermoplastic layer; and
a border extending in between both thermoplastic layers thereby forming a sealed cavity and defining a refocusable optical zone, the sealed cavity containing:
a diffractive optical element adjacent to the first optical transparent thermoplastic layer, wherein the diffractive optical element is a Fresnel lens having a plurality of lens structures mutually separated by grooves; and
a plurality of physically separate spacers disposed in between a surface of the diffractive optical element facing the second optical transparent thermoplastic layer and the second optical transparent thermoplastic layer, wherein each spacer of the plurality of physically separate spacers is disposed on one of the plurality of lens structures.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the diffractive optical element, the spacer, and the border have the same material composition.
3. The device of claim 2 , wherein:
both the first optical transparent thermoplastic layer and the second optical transparent thermoplastic layer are curved.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the border comprises, remote from the cavity, a notch containing an adhesive in contact with the second optical transparent thermoplastic layer.
5. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a layer of a planarizing material covering the diffractive optical element, whereby at least part of the border adjacent to the diffractive optical element is made of the planarizing material; and
the plurality of spacers, the planarizing layer, and the diffractive optical element being stacked on each other thereby maintaining a controlled distance between both thermoplastic layers.
6. The device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a first optical transparent electrode adjacent to the first optical transparent thermoplastic layer; and
a second optical transparent electrode adjacent to the second optical transparent thermoplastic layer,
whereby at least the sealed cavity is in between the first optical transparent electrode and the second optical transparent electrode.
7. An optical instrument comprising:
at least one optical device, wherein the at least one optical device comprises:
a first optical transparent thermoplastic layer;
a second optical transparent thermoplastic layer; and
a border extending in between both thermoplastic layers thereby forming a sealed cavity and defining a refocusable optical zone, the sealed cavity containing:
a diffractive optical element adjacent to the first optical transparent thermoplastic layer, wherein the diffractive optical element is a Fresnel lens having a plurality of lens structures mutually separated by grooves; and
a plurality of physically separate spacers disposed in between a surface of the diffractive optical element facing the second optical transparent thermoplastic layer and the second optical transparent thermoplastic layer, wherein each spacer of the plurality of physically separate spacers is disposed on one of the plurality of lens structures.
8. A method of manufacturing an optical device, the method comprising:
providing a first optical transparent thermoplastic layer;
forming by nanoimprint on the first optical transparent thermoplastic layer, at least one of a plurality of physically separate spacers, an optical diffractive element, and a border which encloses the optical diffractive element and the spacer, wherein the diffractive optical element is a Fresnel lens having a plurality of lens structures mutually separated by grooves; and
providing a second optical transparent thermoplastic layer thereby forming a sealed cavity and defining a refocusable optical zone, the sealed cavity containing the plurality of spacers and the optical diffractive element,
whereby the plurality of spacers are disposed in between a top surface of the optical diffractive element and the second optical transparent thermoplastic layer, and wherein each spacer of the plurality of physically separate spacers is disposed on one of the plurality of lens structures.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein forming by nanoimprint the plurality of spacers, the optical diffractive element and the border enclosing the optical diffractive element comprises:
providing a layer of a material composition on the first optical transparent layer; and
nanoimprinting in the layer the plurality of spacers, the optical diffractive element, and the border enclosing the optical diffractive element,
whereby the plurality of spacers and the optical diffractive element are stacked on each other thereby maintaining a controlled distance between both thermoplastic layers.
10. The method of claim 8 , further comprising:
thermoforming the optical device thereby giving the first optical transparent thermoplastic layer and the second optical transparent thermoplastic layer a predetermined curvature.
11. The method of any of the claim 8 , wherein nanoimprinting further comprises:
forming, at least in the upper part of the border, a channel extending through the border into the cavity.
12. The method of claim 8 , wherein forming by nanoimprint the plurality of spacers, the optical diffractive element, and the border enclosing the optical diffractive element further comprises:
forming in the border, remote from the cavity, a notch for containing an adhesive in contact with the second optical transparent thermoplastic layer; and
further comprising:
providing, prior to providing a second optical transparent thermoplastic layer, an adhesive in the notch only.
13. The method of claim 8 , further comprising, prior to providing a second optical transparent thermoplastic layer:
providing a layer of planarizing material thereby covering the diffractive optical element and at least part of the border adjacent to the diffractive optical element; and
nanoimprinting in the planarizing layer the plurality of spacers and part of the border,
whereby the plurality of spacers, the planarizing layer, and the diffractive element are stacked on each other thereby maintaining a controlled distance between both the first optical transparent thermoplastic layer and the second optical transparent thermoplastic layer.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein forming by nanoimprint the plurality of spacers, the optical diffractive element, and the border enclosing the optical diffractive element comprises:
forming in the planarizing layer, remote from the cavity, a notch for containing an adhesive in contact with the second optical transparent thermoplastic layer; and
further comprising:
providing, prior to providing the second optical transparent thermoplastic layer, an adhesive in the notch only.
15. The method of claim 8 further comprising:
forming a first optical transparent electrode adjacent to the first optical transparent thermoplastic layer; and
forming a second optical transparent electrode adjacent to the second optical transparent thermoplastic layer,
whereby at least the cavity is in between the first optical transparent electrode and the second optical transparent electrode.
16. The device of claim 1 , further comprising liquid crystalline material, wherein the sealed cavity further contains the liquid crystalline material, and wherein the liquid crystalline material surrounds the plurality of spacers within the sealed cavity.
17. The optical device of claim 16 , wherein the index of refraction of the liquid crystalline material is matched with the index of refraction of the diffractive optical element, the plurality of spacers, and the border at least for one state of the liquid crystalline material.
18. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the Fresnel lens comprises a central lens portion on which a spacer of the plurality of spacers is disposed.
19. The optical device of claim 1 , wherein the diffractive optical element comprises a varying height in a lateral direction parallel to the first transparent layer, the varying height having at least one tip portion, and at least one groove portion, wherein the plurality of spacers are disposed on one of the tip portions.