“MXene” particulate material, slurry, secondary battery, transparent electrode and production process for “MXene” particulate material
A particulate material with a composition expressed by M a Al b X c in which “M” includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf and Ta and “X” includes C or one or more chemical structures selected from the group consisting of C (1.0−x) N x (where “x” is 0<“x”≤1.0), wherein: “a” is two or three; “b” is more than 0.02; and “c” is from 0.8 to 1.2 when “a” is two; or “c” is from 1.8 to 2.6 when “a” is 3. The particulate material has thicknesses whose average value is from 3.5 nm or more to 20 nm or less, and sizes, [{(longer sides)+(shorter sides)}/2], whose average value is from 50 nm or more to 300 nm or less.
1. A particulate material with a composition expressed by M a Al b X c in which “M” includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf and Ta and “X” includes C or one or more chemical structures represented by C (1.0−x) N x (where “x” is 0<“x”≤1.0), wherein:
“a” is two or three; “b” is more than 0.02; and “c” is from 0.8 to 1.2 when “a” is two; or “c” is from 1.8 to 2.6 when “a” is three; and
the particulate material has thicknesses whose average value is from 3.5 nm or more to 20 nm or less, and sizes, [{(longer sides)+(shorter sides)}/2], whose average value is from 50 nm or more to 300 nm or less.
2. The particulate material according to claim 1 , wherein:
“M” includes Ti; and
the composition satisfies any one of following (1) through (4):
(1) “X” includes C, “a”=2, 0.65≥“b”≥0.03, and 1.2≥“c”≥0.8;
(2) “X” includes C (1.0−x) N x (where “x” is 0<“x”≤1.0), “a”=2, 0.65≥“b”≥0.03, and 1.2≥“c”≥0.8;
(3) “X” includes C, “a”=3, 0.65≥“b”≥0.03, and 2.6≥“c”≥1.8; and
(4) “X” includes C (1.0−x) N x (where “x” is 0<“x”≤1.0), “a”=3, 0.65≥“b”≥0.03, and 2.6≥“c”≥1.8.
3. The particulate material according to claim 1 turned into a powder compact whose surface resistance is from 0.1Ω/□ or more to 300Ω/□ or less.
4. The particulate material according to claim 1 , wherein:
“M” includes Ti; and
the particulate material satisfies any one of following (1) and (2):
(1) “X” includes C, and the particulate material has a true density of from 3.36 g/cm 3 to 3.50 g/cm 3 when “a” is two, or has a true density of from 3.70 g/cm 3 to 4.45 g/cm 3 when “a” is three; and
(2) “X” includes C (1.0−x) N x (where “x” is 0<“x”≤1.0), and the particulate material has a true density of from 3.36 g/cm 3 to 3.50 g/cm 3 when “a” is two, or has a true density of from 3.70 g/cm 3 to 4.45 g/cm 3 when “a” is three.
5. A slurry comprising:
a particulate material according to claim 1 ; and
a liquid organic material dispersing the particulate material;
wherein the particulate material exhibits from 50 nm or more to 500 nm or less in D50 diameter by volume percentage in a particle size distribution when measured in the organic material.
6. A secondary battery comprising the particulate material according to claim 1 serving as an electrode active-material ingredient.
7. A transparent electrode comprising the particulate material according to claim 1 serving as an electrical conducting material.
8. A production process for particulate material, the production process comprising:
an exfoliation step of producing by an exfoliation process with a bead mill using beads from 10 μm to 300 μm in size a particulate material, which has thicknesses whose average value is from 3.5 nm or more to 20 nm or less, and sizes, [{(longer sides)+(shorter sides)}/2], whose average value is from 50 nm or more to 300 nm or less, from a raw material with a composition expressed by M a Al b X c in which “M” includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Sc, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf and Ta and “X” includes C or one or more chemical structures represented by C (1.0−x) N x (where “x” is 0<“x”≤1.0), wherein:
“a” is two or three; “b” is more than 0.02; and “c” is from 0.8 to 1.2 when “a” is two; or “c” is from 1.8 to 2.6 when “a” is three; and
the particulate material has thicknesses whose average value is from 3.5 nm or more to 20 nm or less, and sizes, [{(longer sides)+(shorter sides)}/2], whose average value is from 50 nm or more to 300 nm or less.
9. The production process for particulate material according to claim 8 , the production process further comprising:
a pretreatment step of removing some of contained aluminum (Al) elements by reacting an acidic substance, which is composed of a combination of a fluoride salt and hydrochloric acid and is put in a controlled state of from 20° C. to 30° C., with an “MAX”-phase ceramic powder with a composition expressed by M a Al d X c in which “M” includes one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Ti, V, Cr, Sc, Zr, Nb, Mo, Hf and Ta and “X” includes C or one or more chemical structures represented by C (1.0−x) N x (where “x” is 0<“x”≤1.0), wherein: “a” is two or three; “d” is one; and “c” is one when “a” is two; or “c” is two when “a” is three, thereby producing the raw material.