Thermal conduction heater well and electrical resistance heating electrode
A combination subsurface heating system that incorporates electrical resistance heating and thermal conduction heating with systems disposed within a single borehole. The combination heating system includes an electrically conductive outermost well casing and a heating element that is electrically isolated from the casing but disposed within it or in an adjacent casing but within the same borehole. Each of the two heating components is powered by a separate power source.
1. A heating system comprising:
an electrically conductive casing disposed within a subsurface hole;
an internal heating element disposed within the electrically conductive casing;
an electrically conductive medium disposed around the electrically conductive casing;
the electrically conductive casing configured to be powered by a first power source through a single electrical cable; and
the internal heating element configured to be powered by a second power source connected to the internal heating element via two high-temperature wires, wherein the second power source is electrically isolated from conductive connection to the first power source.
2. The heating system of claim 1 further comprising a thermally conductive medium disposed between the internal heating element and the electrically conductive casing.
3. The heating system of claim 1 wherein the position of the internal heating element is adjustable within the electrically conductive casing to produce a desired heat intensity at a targeted interval.
4. The heating system of claim 1 comprising a gap between the electrically conductive casing and the internal heating element, wherein the gap between the closest points of the electrically conductive casing and the internal heating element is in the range of 5 millimeters to about 145 millimeters.
5. The heating system of claim 1 wherein the thermally conductive medium has a thermal conductivity in the range of 0.2 watts per meter-Kelvin to 5.0 watts per meter-Kelvin.
6. The heating system of claim 1 further comprising electrically insulating material disposed around the electrically conductive casing at a position above the electrically conductive medium.
7. The heating system of claim 1 wherein the internal heating element is a cartridge heater.
8. A heating system comprising:
two or more casings disposed within a single subsurface hole, at least one of which is conductive;
an internal heating element disposed within at least one of the two or more casings;
an electrically conductive medium disposed around the at least one electrically conductive casing;
the at least one electrically conductive casing configured to be powered by a first power source each through a single electrical cable; and
the internal heating element configured to be powered by a second power source connected to the internal heating element via two high-temperature wires, wherein the second power source is electrically isolated from conductive connection to the first power source.
9. The heating system of claim 8 further comprising a thermally conductive medium between the internal heating element and the casing in which it is disposed.
10. The heating system of claim 8 wherein the position of the internal heating element is adjustable within the casing to produce a desired heat intensity at a targeted interval.
11. The heating system of claim 8 wherein the internal heating element is in an electrically conductive casing further comprising:
a gap between the casing and the internal heating element, wherein the gap between the closest points of the electrically conductive casing and the internal heating element is in the range of 5 millimeters to about 145 millimeters.
12. The heating system of claim 9 wherein the thermally conductive medium has a thermal conductivity in the range of 0.2 watts per meter-Kelvin to 5.0 watts per meter-Kelvin.
13. The heating system of claim 8 further comprising electrically insulating material disposed around the electrically conductive casing at a position above the electrically conductive medium.
14. The heating system of claim 8 wherein the internal heating element is a cartridge heater.