Combination therapy to achieve enhanced antimicrobial activity

1. A chemical composition comprising:

a polycarbonate polymer functionalized with at least one guanidinium functional group; and

an antirheumatic agent comprising (2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranosato-κS 1 )(triethylphosphoranylidene)gold, wherein the chemical composition provides antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria.

2. The chemical composition of claim 1 , wherein the polycarbonate polymer facilitates translocating the antirheumatic agent across a cell membrane and interacting the antirheumatic agent with a cytosolic member of a Gram-negative bacterium.

3. The chemical composition of claim 2 , wherein the cytosolic member is selected from the group consisting of a protein, an enzyme, and a gene.

4. The chemical composition of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial activity comprises enhancing reactive oxygen species generation within the Gram-negative bacteria.

5. The chemical composition of claim 1 , wherein the polycarbonate polymer has a structure characterized by a chemical formula:

wherein “R 1 ” corresponds to a first functional group selected from the first group consisting of: a biotin group, a sugar group, a first alkyl group, and a first aryl group;

wherein “R 2 ” corresponds to a second functional group selected from the second group consisting of a hydrogen, a second alkyl group, and a second aryl group;

wherein “X” corresponds to a spacer structure selected from the third group consisting of a third alkyl group and a third aryl group; and

wherein “n” corresponds to an integer greater than landless than or equal to one thousand.

6. A method comprising:

enhancing an antimicrobial activity of an antirheumatic agent against Gram-negative bacteria by a combination therapy, wherein the combination therapy comprises the antirheumatic agent and a polycarbonate polymer functionalized with at least one guanidinium functional group, and wherein the antirheumatic agent comprises (2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranosato-κS 1 )(triethylphosphoranylidene)gold.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the enhancing the antimicrobial activity of the antirheumatic agent comprises translocating the polycarbonate polymer across a cell membrane and interacting the polycarbonate polymer with a cytosolic member of a Gram-negative bacterium.

8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the antimicrobial activity comprises increasing reactive oxygen species generation within the Gram-negative bacteria.

9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the combination therapy mitigates an onset of resistance towards the antimicrobial activity by the Gram-negative bacteria.

10. The method of claim 6 , wherein the polycarbonate polymer has a structure characterized by a chemical formula:

wherein “R 1 ” corresponds to a first functional group selected from the first group consisting of: a biotin group, a sugar group, a first alkyl group, and a first aryl group;

wherein “R 2 ” corresponds to a second functional group selected from the second group consisting of a hydrogen, a second alkyl group, and a second aryl group;

wherein “X” corresponds to a spacer structure selected from the third group consisting of a third alkyl group and a third aryl group; and

wherein “n” corresponds to an integer greater than 1 and less than or equal to one thousand.

11. A method comprising:

treating a Gram-negative bacteria infection via a combination therapy that comprises a polycarbonate polymer functionalized with at least one guanidinium functional group and an antirheumatic agent comprising (2,3,4,6-Tetra-O-acetyl-1-thio-β-D-glucopyranosato-κS1)(triethylphosphoranylidene)gold, wherein the combination therapy reduces the Gram-negative bacteria infection.

12. The method of claim 11 , further comprising:

translocating the polycarbonate polymer across a cell membrane of a bacterium of the Gram-negative bacteria infection; and

precipitating a cytosolic member of the bacterium via an interaction between the cytosolic member and the polycarbonate polymer.

13. The method of claim 12 , further comprising:

increasing reactive oxygen species generation within bacterium of the Gram-negative bacteria infection as a result of the treating, resulting in cell apoptosis of the bacterium.

14. The method of claim 11 , wherein the polycarbonate polymer has a structure characterized by a chemical formula:

wherein “R 1 ” corresponds to a first functional group selected from the first group consisting of: a biotin group, a sugar group, a first alkyl group, and a first aryl group;

wherein “R 2 ” corresponds to a second functional group selected from the second group consisting of a hydrogen, a second alkyl group, and a second aryl group;

wherein “X” corresponds to a spacer structure selected from the third group consisting of a third alkyl group and a third aryl group; and

wherein “n” corresponds to an integer greater than landless than or equal to one thousand.

15. The chemical composition of claim 1 , wherein the antimicrobial activity comprises causing apoptosis of Gram-negative bacteria cells.

16. The method of claim 7 , wherein the cytosolic member is selected from the group consisting of a protein, an enzyme, and a gene.

17. The method of claim 6 , wherein the antimicrobial activity comprises causing apoptosis of Gram-negative bacteria cells.

18. The method of claim 12 , wherein the cytosolic member is selected from the group consisting of a protein, an enzyme, and a gene.

19. The method of claim 11 , wherein the combination therapy mitigates an onset of resistance towards antimicrobial activity of the combination therapy by Gram-negative bacterium of the Gram-negative bacteria infection.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the antimicrobial activity comprises causing apoptosis of the Gram-negative bacterium.