Micro-proppant fracturing fluid and slurry concentrate compositions
Fracturing fluids and liquid concentrate proppant slurry compositions comprising high-density micro-proppants and low-density particulates in a single treatment fluid. The low-density particulates enhance the suspension of the high-density particulates resulting in improved vertical distribution and longitudinal transport and coverage in the complex fracture network. Methods of hydraulic fracturing using the disclosed fracturing fluids and liquid concentrate proppant slurries as well as methods of preparing liquid concentrate proppant slurries with improved storage properties, are provided.
1. A liquid concentrate fracturing fluid slurry comprising:
an aqueous-based carrier fluid,
high-density microproppant particulates, the median particle size of the high-density microproppant particulates being between about 25 μm and about 110 μm and the average density of the high-density proppant particulates being at least 2.6 grams per cubic centimeter; and
low-density suspension agent particulates, the median particle size of the low-density suspension agent particulates is between about 10 μm and about 60 μm and the average density of the low-density suspension agent particulates is between about 0.37 grams per cubic centimeter and about 0.63 grams per cubic centimeter;
a tackifying agent, wherein the tackifying agent is present in the fracturing fluid in sufficient concentration to cause the high-density proppant particulates to be neutrally buoyant in the fracturing fluid,
wherein the high-density microproppant particulates and low-density suspension agent particulates are solids, and the concentration of solids in the slurry is between about 5 pounds per gallon and 20 pounds per gallon.
2. The liquid concentrate fracturing fluid slurry of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of low-density suspension agent particulates to high-density proppant particulates in the fracturing fluid is between about 0.1:1 and about 10:1 by weight.
3. The liquid concentrate fracturing fluid slurry of claim 1 , wherein the high-density proppant particulates and the low-density suspension agent particulates each individually comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of sand, bauxite, ceramic materials, glass materials, polymer materials, polytetrafluoroethylene materials, nut shell pieces, cured resinous particulates comprising nut shell pieces, seed shell pieces, cured resinous particulates comprising seed shell pieces, fruit pit pieces, cured resinous particulates comprising fruit pit pieces, wood, silica, alumina, fumed carbon, carbon black, graphite, mica, titanium dioxide, meta-silicate, calcium silicate, kaolin, talc, zirconia, boron, fly ash, hollow glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres, solid glass, and any combination thereof.
4. The liquid concentrate fracturing fluid slurry of claim 1 , wherein the high-density proppant particulates comprise ceramic micro-proppants and the low-density suspension agent particulates comprise hollow glass microspheres.
5. The liquid concentrate fracturing fluid slurry of claim 1 , further comprising a second aqueous-based fluid.
6. A method of preparing the liquid concentrate fracturing fluid slurry of claim 1 , the method comprising:
mixing, using mixing equipment:
a first concentrated liquid slurry comprising the low-density particulates;
a second concentrated liquid slurry comprising the high-density microproppant particulates;
an aqueous-based liquid comprising the tackifying agent; and
an aqueous-based fluid comprising freshwater, saltwater, seawater, brine, or a combination thereof.
7. A method of fracturing a subterranean formation comprising introducing the liquid concentrate fracturing fluid slurry of claim 1 into a subterranean formation using one or more pumps.
8. A liquid concentrate proppant slurry comprising:
an aqueous-based carrier fluid;
high-density microproppant particulates, the median particle size of the high-density microproppant particulates being between about 25 μm and about 110 μm and the average density of the high-density proppant particulates being at least 2.6 grams per cubic centimeter; and
low-density particulates, the median particle size of the low-density suspension agent particulates is between about 10 μm and about 60 μm and the average density of the low-density suspension agent particulates is between about 0.37 grams per cubic centimeter and about 0.63 grams per cubic centimeter,
a tackifying agent, wherein the tackifying agent is present in the fracturing fluid in sufficient concentration to cause the high-density proppant particulates to be neutrally buoyant in the fracturing fluid,
wherein the high-density microproppant particulates and low-density suspension agent particulates are solids, and the concentration of solids in the slurry is between about 5 pounds per gallon and 20 pounds per gallon.
9. The liquid concentrate proppant slurry of claim 8 , wherein the ratio of low-density particulates to high-density particulates in the liquid concentrate proppant slurry is between about 0.1:1 and about 10:1 by weight.
10. The liquid concentrate proppant slurry of claim 8 , wherein the high-density particulates and the low-density particulates each individually comprise at least one material selected from the group consisting of sand, bauxite, ceramic materials, glass materials, polymer materials, polytetrafluoroethylene materials, nut shell pieces, cured resinous particulates comprising nut shell pieces, seed shell pieces, cured resinous particulates comprising seed shell pieces, fruit pit pieces, cured resinous particulates comprising fruit pit pieces, wood, silica, alumina, fumed carbon, carbon black, graphite, mica, titanium dioxide, meta-silicate, calcium silicate, kaolin, talc, zirconia, boron, fly ash, hollow glass microspheres, ceramic microspheres, solid glass, and any combination thereof.
11. The liquid concentrate proppant slurry of claim 8 , wherein the high-density particulates comprise ceramic micro-proppants and the low-density particulates comprise hollow glass microspheres.
12. A method of preparing the liquid concentrate proppant slurry of claim 8 , the method comprising:
providing the aqueous-based carrier fluid; and
adding the low-density particulates, the high-density particulates, and the tackifying agent to the carrier fluid.