Woven textile fabric
It is disclosed a woven textile fabric comprising a first and a second electrically conductive layer ( 20; 30 ) of interwoven conductive yarns ( 22, 24; 32, 34 ) and a first intermediate pseudo-layer ( 40 ) of structural and insulating yarns ( 45 ) comprised between the first and the second electrically conductive layer and a plurality of binding yarns ( 47 ) interlacing the first and second conductive layers ( 20; 30 ) and the intermediate layer ( 40 ). The structural yarns ( 45 ) and the binding yarns ( 47 ) have piezoelectric properties.
1. A woven textile fabric ( 10 ) comprising:
a first electrically conductive layer ( 20 ) of interwoven conductive yarns ( 22 , 24 );
a second electrically conductive layer ( 30 ) of interwoven conductive yarns ( 32 , 34 );
a first intermediate layer ( 40 ) of structural yarns ( 45 ) disposed between the first and the second electrically conductive layer ( 20 , 30 ), and
a first plurality of woven interconnecting piezoelectric binding spacer yarns ( 47 ) interlacing the first and second conductive layers ( 20 , 30 ) and the structural yarns ( 45 ) of the intermediate layer ( 40 ), wherein said structural yarns ( 45 ) and said first plurality of woven interconnecting piezoelectric binding spacer yarns ( 47 ) both have piezoelectric properties,
and wherein said structural yarns ( 45 ) and said first plurality of woven interconnecting piezoelectric binding spacer yarns ( 47 ) are woven together and contact each other in such a way that adjacent layers are reciprocally contacted to allow electrical current to flow through an external circuitry.
2. The woven textile fabric ( 10 ) according to claim 1 , wherein said structural yarns ( 45 ) and said first plurality of woven interconnecting piezolectric binding spacer yarns ( 47 ) are polarized under heat exceeding their glass-transition temperature (Tg) and under an electric field to provide piezoelectric properties to the yarns ( 45 , 47 ).
3. The woven textile fabric ( 10 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of woven interconnecting piezolectric binding spacer yarn ( 47 ) cross upper portions of the first electrically conductive layer ( 20 ) and bottom portions of the second electrically conductive layer ( 20 ) or viceversa.
4. The woven textile fabric ( 10 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the first intermediate layer ( 40 ) of structural yarns ( 45 ) is an electrically insulating layer.
5. The woven textile fabric ( 10 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive yarns ( 22 , 24 ) are made of natural or synthetic material coated with a conductive material.
6. The woven textile fabric ( 10 ) according to claim 5 , wherein the conductive material coating the conductive yarns ( 22 , 24 ) comprises nano-sheets of graphene, nano-particles of carbon black, amorphous carbon, nano-tubes or nanoribbons of carbon,_ or a layer of an intrinsically conductive polymer.
7. The woven textile fabric ( 10 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive yarns ( 22 , 24 ) are made of a blend of cotton and steel or cotton and steel twisted and nano-sheet or nano-particle or nano-rod coated or impregnated or doped on cotton or on polyester (PES).
8. The woven textile fabric ( 10 ) according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a second intermediate layer ( 50 ) of structural yarns ( 55 );
a third electrically conductive layer ( 60 ) of interwoven conductive yarns ( 62 , 64 );
the second intermediate layer ( 50 ) being comprised between the second and the third electrically conductive layer ( 30 , 50 ), and
a second plurality of binding yarns ( 67 ) interlacing the second and the third electrically conductive layer ( 30 ) and the second intermediate layer ( 50 ), wherein the structural yarns ( 55 ) of the second intermediate layer ( 50 ) and said binding yarns ( 67 ) of the second plurality of binding yarns ( 67 ) have piezoelectric properties.
9. The woven textile fabric ( 10 ) according to claim 8 , wherein the first and second electrically conductive layers ( 20 , 30 ) have substantially the same electrical conductivity, and the third electrically conductive layer ( 60 ) has an electrical conductivity substantially lower than the electrical conductivity of the first and second electrically conductive layers ( 20 , 30 ) and the intermediate layers ( 40 , 50 ) have the same piezoelectric properties.
10. A tap-sensitive screen ( 300 ) comprising:
a plurality of textile fabric position sensors including the woven textile fabric of claim 9 , the textile fabric position sensors being configured in the form of textile strips, the strips being ordered in a parallel fashion along a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the strips, each of the strips being identified with an index ( 1 - n ) stored in a memory unit ( 450 ) of the tap-sensitive screen ( 300 ).
11. The woven textile fabric ( 10 ) according to claim 8 , wherein the second intermediate layer ( 50 ) of structural yarns ( 55 ) is an electrically insulating layer.
12. A textile fabric position sensor comprising the woven textile fabric of claim 8 and operational amplifiers ( 130 , 130 ′) configured to generate electrical signals (Vb, Vc), wherein the ratio between said electrical signals is proportional to the distance of a tap position with respect to the operational amplifiers ( 130 , 130 ′).
13. The woven textile fabric ( 10 ) according to claim 1 , wherein the structural yarns ( 45 , 55 ), the first plurality of woven interconnecting piezolectric binding spacer yarn ( 47 ) and the second plurality of binding yarns ( 67 ) comprise a material chosen from the group consisting of Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and its piezoelectric derivatives, Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), Lead zirconate titanate (PZT), barium titanate, gallium phosphate, tourmaline, lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (PMN-PT), and zinc oxide.
14. The woven textile fabric ( 10 ) according to claim 13 , wherein the materials used for the structural yarns ( 45 , 55 ), the first plurality of woven interconnecting piezolectric binding pacer yarn ( 47 ) and the second plurality of binding yarns ( 67 ) are cast into fibers or are used as nano- or micro-particles dispersed within a matrix material.
15. A textile fabric position sensor comprising the woven textile fabric of claim 1 and an operational amplifier ( 130 ) configured to generate an electrical signal (Va) in response to a tap pressure on the textile fabric.
16. An article comprising a textile fabric ( 10 ) according to claim 1 .
17. The article according to claim 16 , wherein said article is selected from the group consisting of an energy harvester to power low-power electronic nodes, a hit sensor for emergency situations, a heat sensor, and a garment.
18. The article according to claim 17 , wherein said article is said garment, said garment is a sport garment and said textile fabric is a touch sensor or tap sensor or hit sensor.