Detection of loudspeaker playback
A method of determining whether a sound has been generated by a loudspeaker comprises receiving an audio signal representing at least a part of the sound. The audio signal is separated into different frequency bands. The signal content of different frequency bands are compared. Based on said comparison, frequency-based variations in signal content indicative of use of a loudspeaker are identified.
1. A method of determining whether a sound has been generated by a loudspeaker, the method comprising:
(a) receiving an audio signal representing at least a part of the sound; and
(b) attempting to detect in the received audio signal features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies by:
(i) separating the received audio signal into a first audio frequency component and a second audio frequency component;
(ii) obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component;
(iii) obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component; and
(iv) determining whether the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, based on a comparison of the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component and the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component,
and further comprising:
(c) determining that the sound has been generated by a loudspeaker if it is determined that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies.
2. A method according to claim 1 , comprising:
determining that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, if a ratio of the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component to the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component exceeds a threshold value.
3. A method according to claim 2 , further comprising setting the threshold value.
4. A method according to claim 3 , wherein the received audio signal represents speech, the method comprising setting the threshold value based on an assumed identity of a speaker.
5. A method according to claim 3 , comprising setting the threshold value based on a level of the received signal.
6. A method according to claim 1 , comprising:
determining that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, if a difference between the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component and the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component exceeds a threshold value.
7. A method according to claim 6 , further comprising setting the threshold value.
8. A method according to claim 7 , wherein the received audio signal represents speech, the method comprising setting the threshold value based on an assumed identity of a speaker.
9. A method according to claim 7 , comprising setting the threshold value based on a level of the received signal.
10. A method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
if it is determined that the sound has been generated by a loudspeaker, generating a loudspeaker indication output signal.
11. A method according to claim 1 , comprising, before obtaining said measures of skew, removing samples having small sample values.
12. A method according to claim 11 , comprising using a non-linear quantizer to remove the samples having small sample values.
13. A method according to claim 1 , comprising, before obtaining said measures of skew, applying a non-linear gain to the sample values.
14. A method according to claim 13 , wherein the non-linear gain is a compression.
15. A method according to claim 1 , comprising:
receiving a first signal representing the sound;
deriving from the first signal a second signal representing a part of the sound; and
attempting to detect in the second signal the features resulting from the non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies.
16. A method according to claim 15 , wherein the second signal represents speech.
17. A method according to claim 16 , wherein the second signal represents voiced speech.
18. A system for determining whether a sound has been generated by a loudspeaker, the system comprising an input for receiving an audio signal representing at least a part of the sound; and a processor, and the system being configured for:
attempting to detect in the received audio signal features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies by:
separating the received audio signal into a first audio frequency component and a second audio frequency component;
obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component;
obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component; and
determining whether the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, based on a comparison of the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component and the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component,
and further comprising:
determining that the sound has been generated by a loudspeaker if it is determined that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies.
19. A device comprising a system as claimed in claim 18 .
20. A device as claimed in claim 19 , wherein the device comprises a mobile telephone, an audio player, a video player, a mobile computing platform, a games device, a remote controller device, a toy, a machine, or a home automation controller or a domestic appliance.
21. A non-transitory computer readable storage medium having computer-executable instructions stored thereon that, when executed by processor circuitry, cause the processor circuitry to perform a method comprising:
(a) receiving an audio signal representing at least a part of the sound; and
(b) attempting to detect in the received audio signal features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies by:
(i) separating the received audio signal into a first audio frequency component and a second audio frequency component;
(ii) obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component;
(iii) obtaining a measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component; and
(iv) determining whether the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies, based on a comparison of the measure of skew of sample values of the first audio frequency component and the measure of skew of sample values of the second audio frequency component,
and further comprising:
(c) determining that the sound has been generated by a loudspeaker if it is determined that the received audio signal has features resulting from a non-linearity that is greater at first audio frequencies than at second audio frequencies.