Hemocompatibility modifiers for cross-linked polymeric material
The invention concerns methods of removing undesirable molecules from the blood or physiologic fluid; said method comprising contacting said blood or physiologic fluid with a sorbent, said sorbent comprising a plurality of solid forms and comprising a cross-linked polymeric material having a plurality of ligands attached to the surface of said cross-linked polymeric material, comprising (i) zwitterionic moieties, (ii) oligo(ethylene glycol) moieties or (iii) mixtures thereof; said contacting comprising said sorbent sorbing a plurality of said undesirable molecules when said sorbent is administered within a patient's body.
1. A method of removing undesirable molecules from physiologic fluid; said method comprising contacting said physiologic fluid with a sorbent, said sorbent comprising a plurality of solid forms and comprising a cross-linked polymeric material having a plurality of ligands attached to the surface of said cross-linked polymeric material, said ligands comprising zwitterionic moieties;
wherein the sorbent is administered orally or rectally;
wherein said sorbent comprises particles having a diameter in the range for 0.1 micron meters to 2 centimeters,
wherein said particles are characterized as having a pore structure having a total volume of pore sizes in the range of from 10 Å to 10,000 Å that is between (a) greater than 0.5 cc/g dry polymer and (b) 3.0 cc/g dry polymer;
wherein said sorbent comprises cross-linked polymeric material derived from the reaction of a cross-linker with one or more of the following polymerizable monomers: divinyl-benzene, styrene, ethylstyrene, acrylonitrile, butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, cetyl methacrylate, cetyl acrylate, ethyl methacrylate, ethyl acrylate, vinyltoluene, vinylnaphthalene, vinylbenzyl alcohol, vinylformamide, methyl methacrylate, and methyl acrylate; and
wherein said zwitterionic moieties comprise one or more carboxybetaine and sulfobetaine zwitterionic moieties.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said zwitterionic moieties comprise at least one residue of carboxybetaine methacrylate.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said zwitterionic moieties comprise at least one group of the formula
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said undesirable molecules are biologically active molecules (BAMs), biological response modifiers (BRMs), products of hemolysis, products of membrane or cellular degradation, toxins, drugs, antibodies, prions and similar molecules found in stored blood and blood products.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the biologically active molecules comprise inflammatory mediators and stimulators.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein said inflammatory mediators and stimulators comprise cytokines, nitric oxide, thromboxanes, leukotrienes, platelet-activating factor, prostaglandins, glycoproteins, kinins, kininogens, complement factors, cell-adhesion molecules, superantigens, monokines, chemokines, interferons, free radicals, proteases, arachidonic acid metabolites, prostacyclins, beta endorphins, myocardial depressant factors, anandimide, 2-arachadonylglycerol, tetrahydrobiopterin, serotonin, histamine, bradykinin, soluble CD40 ligand, bioactive lipids, oxidized lipids, hemoglobin, red cell particulates, membrane or cellular components, growth factors, glycoproteins, prions, toxins, endotoxins, drugs, vasoactive substances, foreign antigens, microvesicles and antibodies.
7. The method of claim 4 , where undesirable molecules are antibodies.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said zwitterionic moieties are covalently bonded to the surface of said cross-linked polymeric material.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said zwitterionic moieties are covalently bound to the surface of said cross-linked polymeric material by radical polymerization of ethylenically unsaturated zwitterionic monomers having a sulphobetaine group with an unsaturated group residing on the surface of said cross-linked polymeric material.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sorbent is a biocompatible polymer.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said polymer is hemocompatible.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said sorbent comprises cross-linked polymeric material derived from the reaction of a cross-linker with one or more of the following polymerizable monomers: divinyl-benzene, styrene, and ethylstyrene.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the ratio of pore volume between 10 Å to 3,000 Å in diameter to pore volume between 500 Å to 3,000 Å in diameter of the said cross-linked polymeric material is smaller than 7:1 and wherein the ratio of pore volume between 10 Å to 3,000 Å in diameter to pore volume between 10 Å to 6,000 Å in diameter of said cross-linked polymeric material is less than 2:1.