Double-stranded agents for delivering therapeutic oligonucleotides
Disclosed are double-stranded nucleic acid agents that can deliver a therapeutic oligonucleotide within a biological sample, and methods for using the same. In one embodiment, the double-stranded nucleic acid agent comprises a first strand comprising a first RNA region, and a second strand comprising a first DNA region, wherein said first RNA region and said first DNA region are hybridized as a RNA/DNA heteroduplex. Said first strand further comprises a nucleic acid therapeutic oligonucleotide region that is capable of being cleaved from at least one nucleotide in said first RNA region. Methods for using the double-stranded nucleic acid agents include methods for delivering the therapeutic oligonucleotide as a single strand by cleaving it from at least a portion of the first RNA region. The methods further include delivering the double-stranded nucleic acid agent and thus the therapeutic oligonucleotide to a target site within the body of a treatment subject.
1. A double-stranded nucleic acid agent comprising a first nucleic acid strand annealed to a second nucleic acid strand, wherein:
the first nucleic acid strand comprises
(i) an RNA region with 8-11 consecutive natural RNA nucleotides that can be recognized by RNase H when the first nucleic acid strand is hybridized to the second nucleic acid strand,
(ii) a therapeutic oligonucleotide region wherein at least one internucleotide linkage at the 3′ end and at the 5′ end of the therapeutic oligonucleotide region is more nuclease-resistant than a natural internucleotide linkage, wherein the at least one nuclease-resistant internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate group, and wherein the therapeutic oligonucleotide region is
(a) a single-stranded region that hybridizes to a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) or a micro-RNA, but does not hybridize to the second nucleic acid strand,
(b) a splice-switching oligonucleotide, an intron targeting gapmer, or an antagomir,
(c) linked to the 3′ end or 5′ end of the RNA region of the first nucleic acid strand, and
(d) released from the double-stranded nucleic acid agent in vivo via RNase H-mediated cleavage of the RNA region of (c), and
(e) comprised of one or more of modified nucleotides, nucleotide analogues, or DNA nucleotides comprising a phosphorothioate group, and
(iii) at least one internucleotide linkage at the 3′ end and at the 5′ end of the RNA region of the first nucleic acid strand is more nuclease-resistant than a natural internucleotide linkage, wherein the at least one nuclease-resistant internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate group, and
the second nucleic acid strand comprises
(i) a 13 consecutive DNA/LNA gapmer or DNA/LNA mixmer region that is hybridized to the RNA region of the first nucleic acid strand and can promote the recognition of the 8-11 consecutive natural RNA nucleotides in the first nucleic acid strand by RNase H, and
(ii) at least one internucleotide linkage at the 3′ end and at the 5′ end of the second nucleic acid strand is more nuclease-resistant than a natural internucleotide linkage, wherein the at least one nuclease-resistant internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate group,
and wherein
the double-stranded nucleic acid agent further comprises a targeting moiety which is (a) selected from a lipid, a sugar, a peptide, and a protein and (b) joined to the 3′-terminal nucleotide or the 5′-terminal nucleotide of the second nucleic acid strand, or to the 3′-terminal nucleotide or the 5′-terminal nucleotide of the first nucleic acid strand.
2. The double-stranded nucleic acid agent according to claim 1 , wherein the first nucleic acid strand comprises one or more nucleotides selected from modified RNA nucleotides and nucleotide analogs located 5′ and located 3′ to the 8-11 consecutive natural RNA nucleotides that can be recognized by RNase H.
3. The double-stranded nucleic acid agent according to claim 2 , wherein the one or more nucleotides located 5′ and located 3′ to the 8-11 consecutive natural RNA nucleotides that can be recognized by RNase H are independently selected from LNA nucleotides, BNA nucleotides, 2′-O-Me RNA nucleotides, and 2′-O-methoxyethyl RNA nucleotides.
4. A method of delivering a therapeutic oligonucleotide to a cell comprising:
contacting with the cell a composition comprising the double-stranded nucleic acid agent according to claim 1 .
5. A double-stranded nucleic acid agent comprising a first nucleic acid strand annealed to a second nucleic acid strand, wherein:
the first nucleic acid strand comprises
(i) an RNA region with 8-11 consecutive natural RNA nucleotides that can be recognized by RNase H when the first nucleic acid strand is hybridized to the second nucleic acid strand,
(ii) the therapeutic oligonucleotide region wherein at least one internucleotide linkage at the 3′ end and at the 5′ end of the therapeutic oligonucleotide region is more nuclease-resistant than a natural internucleotide linkage, wherein the at least one nuclease-resistant internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate group, and wherein the therapeutic oligonucleotide region is
(a) a single-stranded region that hybridizes to a precursor mRNA (pre-mRNA) or a micro-RNA, but does not hybridize to the second nucleic acid strand,
(b) a splice-switching oligonucleotide, an intron targeting gapmer, or an antagomir,
(c) linked to the 3′ end or 5′ end of the RNA region of the first nucleic acid strand, and
(d) released from the double-stranded nucleic acid agent in vivo via RNase H-mediated cleavage of the RNA region of (c), and
(e) comprised of one or more of modified nucleotides, nucleotide analogues, or DNA nucleotides comprising a phosphorothioate group, and
(iii) at least one internucleotide linkage at the 3′ end and at the 5′ end of the RNA region of the first nucleic acid strand is more nuclease-resistant than a natural internucleotide linkage, wherein the at least one nuclease-resistant internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate group, and
the second nucleic acid strand comprises
(i) a plurality of regions consisting of 2 or 3 consecutive DNA nucleotides that hybridize to the RNA region of the first nucleic acid strand and promote the recognition of the 8-11 consecutive natural RNA nucleotides in the first nucleic acid strand by RNase H in a mammalian cell, and
(ii) at least one internucleotide linkage at the 3′ end and at the 5′ end of the second nucleic acid strand is more nuclease-resistant than a natural internucleotide linkage, wherein the at least one nuclease-resistant internucleotide linkage is a phosphorothioate group.
6. The double-stranded nucleic acid agent according to claim 5 , wherein the antagomir oligonucleotide is a mixmer, is composed of one type of nucleotide or nucleotide analogue, or is a gapmer.
7. The double-stranded nucleic acid agent according to claim 6 , wherein the antagomir oligonucleotide comprises at least one nucleotide selected from 2′-OMe RNA, MOE, CET, ENA, LNA and AmNA, and at least one internucleotide linkage is optionally phosphorothioated.