Photoresist composition and method of forming photoresist pattern

1. A method of forming a photoresist pattern, comprising:

forming a protective layer over a photoresist layer formed on a substrate;

selectively exposing the photoresist layer to actinic radiation;

developing the photoresist layer to form a pattern in the photoresist layer; and

removing the protective layer,

wherein the protective layer comprises a polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups, and

wherein the forming the protective layer over the photoresist layer comprises:

mixing material forming the protective layer and photoresist material to form a mixture;

disposing the mixture over the substrate; and

rotating the substrate with the mixture disposed thereon, wherein the protective layer separates from the mixture during the rotating and forms the protective layer over the photoresist layer.

2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the photoresist layer includes metal oxide nanoparticles.

3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the actinic radiation is extreme ultraviolet radiation.

4. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising heating the photoresist layer and protective layer after selectively exposing the photoresist layer.

5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the protective layer has a thickness ranging from 0.1 nm to 20 nm.

6. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the contact angle of the protective layer to water is greater than 75°.

7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the protective layer has a thickness ranging from 1 nm to 15 nm.

8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the fluorocarbon pendant groups are selected from the group consisting of C x F y , where 1≤x≤9 and 3≤y≤12; and —(C(CF 3 ) 2 OH)—.

9. A method of fabricating a semiconductor device, comprising:

supplying a photoresist composition to a substrate surface to form a photoresist layer over the substrate;

forming a protective layer over the photoresist layer;

patternwise exposing the photoresist layer to extreme ultraviolet radiation to form a latent pattern in the photoresist layer;

heating the photoresist layer after the patternwise exposing;

developing the photoresist layer and removing the protective layer substantially simultaneously,

wherein the photoresist layer comprises a metal oxide,

wherein the protective layer comprises a polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups, and

wherein the supplying the photoresist composition to the substrate surface to form the photoresist layer over the substrate, comprises:

mixing the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups with the photoresist composition to form a mixture;

supplying the mixture to the substrate surface; and

the protective layer is formed by spinning the substrate with the mixture disposed thereon, thereby causing the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups to separate from the mixture and form the protective layer over the photoresist layer.

10. The method according to claim 9 , wherein the protective layer has a thickness ranging from 1 nm to 15 nm.

11. The method according to claim 9 , wherein a contact angle of the protective layer to water is greater than 75°.

12. A method of forming a photoresist pattern, comprising:

forming a layer of a photoresist composition including a polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups over a substrate,

rotating the substrate with the layer of the photoresist composition disposed thereon to separate the layer of the photoresist composition into a photoresist layer and a layer of the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups disposed over the photoresist layer;

patternwise exposing the photoresist layer to actinic radiation; and

developing the photoresist layer to form a pattern in the photoresist layer.

13. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the photoresist composition includes metal oxide nanoparticles.

14. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the actinic radiation is extreme ultraviolet radiation.

15. The method according to claim 12 , further comprising heating the photoresist layer and the layer of the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups after selectively exposing the photoresist layer.

16. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the layer of the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups has a thickness ranging from 0.1 nm to 20 nm.

17. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the contact angle of the layer of the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups to water is greater than 75°.

18. The method according to claim 12 , wherein the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups comprises from 0.1 wt. % to 10 wt. % of the fluorocarbon pendant groups based on the total weight of the polymer having fluorocarbon groups.

19. The method according to claim 12 , wherein fluorocarbon pendant groups are selected from the group consisting of C x F y , where 1≤x≤9 and 3≤y≤12; and —(C(CF 3 ) 2 OH)—.

20. The method according to claim 12 , wherein a contact angle of the layer of the polymer having fluorocarbon pendant groups to water is greater than 75°.