Lubricant compositions for direct injection engines
The invention is directed to a method for reducing low speed pre-ignition events in a spark-ignited direct injection internal combustion engine by supplying to the sump a lubricant composition which contains an oil of lubricating viscosity and an ashless antioxidant. The ashless antioxidant may be selected from phenolic compounds, aryl amine compounds, and sulfurized olefins, especially 2,6-hindered phenols and diarylamine compounds.
1. A method for reducing low speed pre-ignition events in a spark-ignited direct injection internal combustion engine wherein the engine is equipped with a turbocharger and is operated under a load with a brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of greater than or equal to 10 bars at speeds less than or equal to 3,000 rpm, comprising supplying to the engine a lubricant composition comprising:
a base oil of lubricating viscosity;
a calcium detergent in an amount to deliver from 0.4 to 0.9 sulfated ash to the lubricating composition; and
0.6 wt % to 0.8 wt % of an ashless sulfurized olefin antioxidant.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the engine is fueled with a liquid hydrocarbon fuel, a liquid non-hydrocarbon fuel, or mixtures thereof.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the engine is fueled by natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG), or mixtures thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising one or more of a phenol antioxidant, an arylamine antioxidant, and combinations thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricant composition further comprises at least one other additive selected from an ashless dispersant, a metal containing overbased detergent, a phosphorus-containing anti-wear additive, a friction modifier, and a polymeric viscosity modifier.
6. The method of claim 4 , wherein the phenol antioxidant is derived from a 2,6-dialkyl phenol.
7. The method of claim 4 , wherein the arylamine antioxidant is a diarylamine compound.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricating composition further comprises a polyalkenyl succinimide dispersant in an amount from 0.5 to 4 weight % of the composition.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the lubricating composition comprises at least 50 weight % of a Group II base oil, a Group III base oil, or mixtures thereof.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein there is a reduction in the number of LSPI events of at least 10 percent.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the low speed pre-ignition events are reduced to less than 20 LSPI events per 100,000 combustion events.