Method for controlling a wind turbine, and associated wind turbine

1. A method for controlling a wind power installation, comprising:

measuring a wind speed and a direction of incident flow using a wind measuring device of the wind power installation; and

determining a correction value of the direction of incident flow in dependence on the wind speed,

wherein determining the correction value includes carrying out a process of learning the correction value of the direction of incident flow in dependence on the wind speed, wherein the process of learning comprises a plurality of iterative optimizing steps, wherein an execution of each of the iterative optimizing steps depends on at least one prior optimizing step that has already been carried out for the wind speed provided,

wherein a time period between two optimizing steps of the plurality of iterative optimizing steps carried out for the wind speed increases with a number of optimizing steps executed.

2. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the correction value of the direction of incident flow is determined in dependence on a working point of the wind power installation.

3. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the correction value corrects the measured direction of incident flow for controlling an azimuthal position of the wind power installation.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein each optimizing step of the plurality of iterative optimizing steps comprises varying an azimuth angle of the wind power installation in a first direction to a first azimuth angle and in a second direction to a second azimuth angle, wherein the first and second azimuth angles are symmetrically arranged relative to each other about the measured direction of incident flow.

5. The method as claimed in claim 4 , wherein each optimizing step comprises:

determining respective drops in power of the wind power installation after varying the azimuth angle in the first direction and the second direction, and

evaluating the drops in power and determining the direction of the variation associated with a smaller drop in power.

6. The method as claimed in claim 5 , wherein, whenever the wind power installation generates rated power and no drop in power occurs during the variation of the azimuth angle in the first direction and the second direction, each subsequent optimizing step comprises:

increasing a blade angle of rotor blades;

establishing a maximum blade angle for which the wind power installation generates the rated power; and

providing an amendment of the correction value in the direction for which the wind power installation generates the rated power with the higher blade angle.

7. The method as claimed in claim 5 , further comprising amending the correction value in the direction of the smaller drop in power.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the iterative optimizing steps of the learning process are only carried out when a turbulence criterion is below a threshold value.

9. The method as claimed in claim 8 , wherein the turbulence criterion comprises a difference between a momentary value and a one-minute mean value of power generated by the wind power installation.

10. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the iterative optimizing steps of the learning process are only carried out when a variation of the wind direction is below a threshold value.

11. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising measuring the wind speed before or after each optimizing step of the plurality of iterative optimizing steps.

12. The method as claimed in claim 1 , further comprising:

determining a nacelle position, the correction value being provided in dependence on the nacelle position and the learning process being carried out in dependence on the nacelle position.

13. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the correction value is determined based on a characteristic diagram.

14. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein the characteristic diagram is tabulated in dependence on:

the wind speed and operating characteristic curve, or

the wind speed and rotational speed of the wind power installation.

15. The method as claimed in claim 13 , wherein neighboring characteristic diagram cells are smoothed.

16. The method as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the plurality of iterative optimizing steps includes an improvement to the correction value.

17. The method as claimed in claim 16 , wherein each optimizing step of the plurality of iterative optimizing steps provides a constant amendment or an amendment scaled in dependence on a drop in power.

18. A wind power installation comprising:

a tower;

a nacelle mounted to the tower;

a controller; and

a wind measuring device,

wherein the wind measuring device is designed to measure a wind speed and a direction of incident flow,

wherein the controller is configured to determine a correction value of the direction of incident flow in dependence on the wind speed and to carry out a learning process of the correction value of the direction of incident flow in dependence on the wind speed, and

wherein the learning process comprises a plurality of iterative optimizing steps, an execution of the iterative optimizing steps depending on prior optimizing steps that have already been carried out,

wherein a time period between two optimizing steps of the plurality of iterative optimizing steps carried out for the wind speed increases with a number of optimizing steps executed.

19. A wind farm with a plurality of wind power installations as claimed in claim 18 .

20. A method for controlling a wind power installation, comprising:

measuring a wind speed and a direction of incident flow using a wind measuring device of the wind power installation; and

determining a correction value of the direction of incident flow in dependence on the wind speed,

wherein determining the correction value includes carrying out a process of learning the correction value of the direction of incident flow in dependence on the wind speed, wherein the learning process comprises a plurality of iterative optimizing steps, wherein an execution of each of the iterative optimizing steps depends on at least one prior optimizing step that has already been carried out for the wind speed provided,

wherein each optimizing step of the plurality of iterative optimizing steps comprises varying an azimuth angle of the wind power installation in a first direction to a first azimuth angle and in a second direction to a second azimuth angle, wherein the first and second azimuth angles are symmetrically arranged relative to each other about the measured direction of incident flow,

wherein each optimizing step comprises:

determining respective drops in power of the wind power installation after varying the azimuth angle in the first direction and the second direction, and

evaluating the drops in power and determining the direction of the variation associated with a smaller drop in power,

wherein, whenever the wind power installation generates rated power and no drop in power occurs during the variation of the azimuth angle in the first direction and the second direction, each subsequent optimizing step comprises:

increasing a blade angle of rotor blades;

establishing a maximum blade angle for which the wind power installation generates the rated power; and

providing an amendment of the correction value in the direction for which the wind power installation generates the rated power with the higher blade angle.