Transducer-induced heating and cleaning

1. An apparatus, comprising:

a lens element;

a transducer coupled to the lens element, the transducer configured to vibrate the lens element at a first frequency and a second frequency different than the first frequency;

sense circuitry coupled to the transducer and configured to estimate a temperature of the lens element by measuring an electrical impedance of the lens element; and

controller circuitry coupled to the transducer, the controller circuitry configured to:

responsive to the estimated temperature being greater than a threshold temperature, activate the transducer to vibrate the lens element at the first frequency; and

responsive to the estimated temperature being less than the threshold temperature, activate the transducer to vibrate the lens element at the second frequency.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lens element is configured to expel foreign material responsive to the transducer vibrating the lens element at the first frequency.

3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein:

the transducer is configured to also vibrate the lens element at a third frequency different than the first or second frequencies;

the controller circuitry is configured to activate the transducer to vibrate the lens element at the first and third frequencies responsive to the controller circuitry determining that the estimated temperature is greater than the threshold temperature;

the lens element is configured to expel a first size range of foreign material responsive to the transducer vibrating the lens element at the first frequency;

the lens element is configured to expel a second size range of foreign material responsive to the transducer vibrating the lens element at the third frequency, the first size range including larger foreign material than the second size range; and

the controller circuitry is configured to activate the transducer to vibrate the lens element at the third frequency after vibrating the lens element at the first frequency.

4. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the controller circuitry is configured to activate the transducer to heat the lens element by vibrating the lens element at the second frequency before the transducer vibrates the lens element at the first frequency to expel foreign material.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the controller circuitry is configured to activate the transducer to vibrate the lens element at the second frequency to heat the lens element responsive to the estimated temperature being less than the freezing point of water.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the transducer is configured to dry the lens element by vibrating the lens element at the second frequency.

7. The apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the controller circuitry is configured to activate the transducer to dry the lens element by vibrating the lens element at the second frequency, after the transducer vibrates the lens element at the first frequency to expel foreign material.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the controller circuitry is configured to activate the transducer responsive to the controller circuitry determining that the estimated temperature is below a Curie temperature of a piezoelectric material of the transducer.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sense circuitry is configured to measure the impedance responsive to an excitation of the transducer.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the sense circuitry is configured to determine the estimated temperature according to an equation T=A*Z 2 +B*Z+C, wherein Z is the measured impedance responsive to the transducer being activated, A is a constant, B is a constant, C is a constant, and T is the estimated temperature.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the lens element is configured to remove moisture from an exterior surface of the lens element responsive to the transducer vibrating the lens element at the first frequency, by urging the moisture along a path for moisture migration.

12. A system, comprising:

a vehicle including a vehicle body, wherein the vehicle body includes an interior space sheltered from an exterior environment;

a camera coupled to the vehicle body, wherein the camera includes a lens element that is transparent and is exposed to the exterior environment;

an apparatus coupled to the vehicle, the apparatus including a transducer coupled to the lens element to vibrate the lens element at a first frequency and a different second frequency;

sense circuitry coupled to the transducer configured to determine an estimated temperature of the lens element by measuring an electrical impedance; and

controller circuitry coupled to the vehicle, wherein the controller circuitry includes a user interface configured to receive a command generated responsive to operation of the vehicle by an operator, wherein the controller circuitry is configured to:

responsive to the estimated temperature being greater than a threshold temperature, activate the transducer to vibrate the lens element at the first frequency; and

responsive to the estimated temperature being less than the threshold temperature, activate the transducer to vibrate the lens element at the second frequency.

13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the sense circuitry is configured to determine the estimated temperature of the lens element responsive to the command.

14. The system of claim 12 , wherein:

the transducer is configured to also vibrate the lens element at a third frequency different than the first or second frequencies;

the controller circuitry is configured to activate the transducer to vibrate the lens element at the first and third frequencies responsive to the controller circuitry determining that the estimated temperature is greater than the threshold temperature;

the lens element is configured to expel a first size range of foreign material responsive to the transducer vibrating the lens element at the first frequency;

the lens element is configured to expel a second size range of foreign material responsive to the transducer vibrating the lens element at the third frequency, the first size range including larger foreign material than the second size range; and

the controller circuitry is configured to activate the transducer to vibrate the lens element at the third frequency after vibrating the lens element at the first frequency.

15. The system of claim 12 , wherein:

the controller circuitry is configured to activate the transducer to heat the lens element by vibrating the lens element at the second frequency before the transducer vibrates the lens element at the first frequency to expel foreign material; and

the controller circuitry is configured to activate the transducer to vibrate the lens element at the second frequency responsive to the estimated temperature being lower than the freezing point of water.

16. The system of claim 12 , wherein the controller circuitry is configured to activate the transducer to dry the lens element by vibrating the lens element at the second frequency after the transducer vibrates the lens element at the first frequency to expel foreign material.

17. A method, comprising:

determining an estimated temperature of a lens element by measuring an electrical impedance of the lens element;

responsive to the estimated temperature being greater than a threshold temperature, activating a transducer to vibrate the lens element at a first frequency to clean the lens element; and

responsive to the estimated temperature being less than the threshold temperature, activating the transducer to vibrate the lens element at a different second frequency to heat the lens element.

18. The method of claim 17 , wherein activating the transducer comprises activating the transducer responsive to determining the estimated temperature is below a safe touch temperature on a surface of the lens element.