Method for detecting an electrical fault, device for implementing such a method and electrical enclosure equipped with such a device

1. A method for detecting a fault in an electrical enclosure comprising at least one electrical equipment item and at least one volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensor, at least one microparticles sensor, at least one gas sensor, wherein said method comprises cyclically performing:

measuring at least one climate parameter in the electrical enclosure;

measuring a concentration of VOCs;

measuring a concentration of gases;

measuring a concentration of microparticles;

correcting the measurements of the concentration of the VOCs, the concentration of the gases, and the concentration of the microparticles based on the measured at least one climate parameter;

calculating a drift of concentration of the VOCs, a drift concentration of the gases, and a drift concentration of the microparticles as a function of time;

comparing the drift of concentration of the VOCs, the drift concentration of the gases and the drift concentration of the microparticles, respectively, to a predefined drift threshold of VOCs, a predefined drift threshold of gases, and a predefined drift threshold of microparticles;

calculating a change of concentration of the VOCs, a change of concentration of the gases, and a change of concentration of the microparticles;

comparing the change of concentration of VOCs, the change of concentration of the gases, and the change of concentration of the microparticles, respectively, to a predefined change threshold of VOCs, a predefined change threshold of gases, and a predefined change threshold of microparticles;

emitting an alarm when both of the following are true:

(1) the drift concentration threshold of microparticles or the change concentration threshold of microparticles is exceeded; and

(2) at least one of the drift threshold of VOCs, the drift threshold of gases, the change threshold of VOCs, and the change threshold of gases is exceeded.

2. The method for detecting the fault in the electrical enclosure according to claim 1 , wherein the step of calculating the drift concentration of the VOCs, the drift concentration of the gases, and the drift concentration of the microparticles comprises:

calculating a first running mean, over a first predetermined period, of the concentration of the VOCs, the concentration of the gases, and the concentration of the microparticles;

calculating a second running mean, over a second predetermined period shorter than the first predetermined period, of the concentration of the VOCs, the concentration of the gases, and the concentration of the microparticles;

calculating a ratio respectively between the second running mean and the first running mean.

3. The method for detecting the fault in the electrical enclosure according to claim 2 , wherein the second predetermined period is between 15 and 60 minutes and the first predetermined period is between 5 and 12 hours.

4. The method for detecting the fault in the electrical enclosure according to claim 1 , wherein the step of calculating the change of concentration of the VOCs, the change of concentration of the gases, and the change of concentration of the microparticles comprises at least one calculation of a difference between two consecutive measurements of, respectively, the measured concentration of the VOCs, the measured concentration of the gases, and the measured concentration of the microparticles.

5. A device for detecting the electrical fault comprising:

the at least one VOC sensor to supply a signal characteristic of the concentration of the VOCs;

the at least one microparticle sensor to supply a signal characteristic of the concentration of the microparticles;

the at least one gas sensor to supply a signal characteristic of the concentration of the gases;

at least one climate parameter sensor to supply a value of the at least one climate parameter;

a measurement circuit to measure the signals supplied by the sensors;

an alarm circuit configured to generate the alarm; and

processing circuitry,

wherein the processing circuitry is configured to execute the method for detecting the fault according to claim 1 , and to activate the alarm circuit.

6. The device for detecting the electrical fault according to claim 5 , wherein the at least one gas sensor is configured to supply a signal characterizing a concentration of ammonia.

7. The device for detecting the electrical fault according to claim 5 , wherein the at least one gas sensor is configured to supply a signal characterizing a concentration of ozone.

8. The device for detecting the electrical fault according to claim 5 , wherein the VOC sensor is configured to supply a signal characterizing a concentration of hydrocarbons.

9. The device for detecting the electrical fault according to claim 5 , wherein the at least one climate parameter sensor is configured to supply a signal characterizing a temperature in the electrical enclosure.

10. The device for detecting the electrical fault according to claim 9 , wherein the at least one climate parameter sensor is further configured to supply a signal characterizing humidity in the electrical enclosure.

11. An electrical enclosure comprising at least one cable or one electrical equipment item, the electrical enclosure comprising the device for detecting the electrical fault according to claim 5 .