Nanoparticle doping for lasers and amplifiers operating at eye-safer wavelengths, and/or exhibiting reduced Stimulated Brillouin Scattering
Methods for synthesizing fibers having nanoparticles therein are provided, as well as preforms and fibers incorporating nanoparticles. The nanoparticles may include one or more rare earth ions selected based on fluorescence at eye-safer wavelengths, surrounded by a low-phonon energy host. Nanoparticles that are not doped with rare earth ions may also be included as a co-dopant to help increase solubility of nanoparticles doped with rare earth ions in the silica matrix. The nanoparticles may be incorporated into a preform, which is then drawn to form fiber. The fibers may beneficially be incorporated into lasers and amplifiers that operate at eye safer wavelengths. Lasers and amplifiers incorporating the fibers may also beneficially exhibit reduced Stimulated Brillouin Scattering.
1. Fiber gain media, comprising:
a silica cladding; and
a silica core comprising:
nanoparticles comprising a material having a lower phonon energy than the silica, co-dopant nanoparticles that range in size from about 5 to about 100 nm, and rare-earth ions.
2. The fiber gain media of claim 1 , wherein the rare-earth ions are Ho.
3. The fiber gain media of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticle material is Lu 2 O 3 .
4. The fiber gain media of claim 1 , wherein the rare-earth ions are embedded in the nanoparticles.
5. The fiber gain media of claim 1 , wherein the co-dopant nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of Al 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 3 , P 205 , Ga 2 O 3 , and combinations thereof.
6. The fiber gain media of claim 1 , wherein the nanoparticles range in size from about 5 to about 100 nm.
7. The fiber gain media of claim 4 , wherein the material of the nanoparticle maintains a separation of at least 2 nm between rare-earth ions embedded therein.
8. The fiber gain media of claim 4 , wherein the rare-earth ions are embedded in two or more nanoparticle materials.
9. An amplifier, comprising:
the fiber gain media of claim 1 ;
a pump source; and
a signal source,
wherein the fiber gain media emits wavelengths longer than 1.4 μm when operated on by the pump source and the signal source.
10. The amplifier of claim 9 , wherein the gain spectrum of the gain media is tailored to avoid spectrum equalization.
11. The amplifier of claim 9 , wherein the gain spectrum of the gain media is equalized for different spatial modes.
12. The amplifier of claim 9 , wherein the pump absorption efficiency of the gain media is increased as compared to gain media not doped with the nanoparticles.
13. The amplifier of claim 9 , wherein the gain media is a multimode gain media.
14. The amplifier of claim 9 , wherein the gain media comprises multiple cores.
15. The amplifier of claim 14 , wherein each of the multiple cores comprise nanoparticles that are the same.
16. The amplifier of claim 14 , wherein each of the multiple cores comprises nanoparticles that are different.