Method of operating membrane filter
A method of operating an immersed microporous membrane module includes a step of monitoring membrane performance to sense the onset of sludging in the module. Differences in permeability between permeation in backwashes, or trends in permeability during backwashing and permeability during permeation, or both, are monitored. Solid deposits formed during the onset of sludging may be removed with an in situ de-sludging process. For example, the deposits may be removed by stopping permeation while aerating the module, optionally at an increased rate. At other times, the module is optionally aerated while permeate is withdrawn at an aeration rate correlated to flux. The method may be used in particular with a membrane module having parallel textured flat sheet membranes suspended between a pair of vertically oriented headers. An aerator may be made from an open bottomed channel having an array of holes rising and concentrated towards the center of the channel.
1. An aerator for an immersed membrane, the aerator having a horizontal part with an open bottomed cross section and outlet holes,
wherein the outlet holes are more concentrated in a central third of the horizontal part than in either of the outer thirds of the horizontal part, and the aerator is supplied air from near two opposed ends of the aerator.
2. The aerator of claim 1 wherein the outlet holes in the central third of the horizontal part are higher than the outlet holes in the outer thirds of the horizontal part.
3. The aerator of claim 1 wherein the outlet holes in the central third of the horizontal part are higher than the outlet holes near the ends of the aerator.
4. The aerator of claim 1 wherein the outlet holes are spaced more closely together in a central third of the horizontal part than in either of the outer thirds of the horizontal part.
5. The aerator of claim 1 wherein the open bottomed cross section has an increasing width in a downward direction.
6. The aerator of claim 1 wherein the horizontal part has an open-bottomed triangular cross section.
7. An aerator for an immersed membrane, the aerator having a horizontal part with an open bottomed cross section and outlet holes, wherein the outlet holes are (i) more concentrated in a central third of the horizontal part than in either of the outer thirds of the horizontal part, or (ii) more concentrated in an outer third of the horizontal part than in a central third of the horizontal part, or (iii) more concentrated in an outer quarter of the horizontal part than in a central half of the horizontal part,
wherein the more concentrated outlet holes are higher than outlet holes near ends of the aerator.
8. The aerator of claim 7 wherein the open bottomed cross section has an increasing width in a downward direction.
9. The aerator of claim 7 wherein the horizontal part has an open-bottomed triangular cross section.
10. The aerator of claim 7 , wherein the aerator is supplied air from near two opposed ends of the aerator.
11. An aerator for an immersed membrane, the aerator having a horizontal part with an open bottomed cross section and outlet holes, wherein the outlet holes are (i) more concentrated in a central third of the horizontal part than in either of the outer thirds of the horizontal part, or (ii) more concentrated in an outer third of the horizontal part than in a central third of the horizontal part, or (iii) more concentrated in an outer quarter of the horizontal part than in a central half of the horizontal part,
wherein all of the thirds or quarters of the horizontal part have outlet holes.
12. The aerator of claim 11 wherein the outlet holes in the central third of the horizontal part are higher than the outlet holes in the outer thirds of the horizontal part.
13. The aerator of claim 11 wherein the outlet holes in the central third of the horizontal part are higher than the outlet holes near the ends of the aerator.
14. The aerator of claim 11 wherein the outlet holes are spaced more closely together in a central third of the horizontal part than in either of the outer thirds of the horizontal part.
15. The aerator of claim 11 wherein the open bottomed cross section has an increasing width in a downward direction.
16. The aerator of claim 11 wherein the horizontal part has an open-bottomed triangular cross section.
17. The aerator of claim 11 , wherein the aerator is supplied air from near two opposed ends of the aerator.