Supported metal catalyst
A long-life catalyst which can be easily and inexpensively manufactured and has high activity and suppressed leakage of metal. A catalyst according to some embodiments includes: a substrate; and a first metal atom as a catalytic center. The substrate contains a non-metallic atom and a second metal atom, and the non-metallic atom is any one selected from the group consisting of a group 15 element, a group 16 element and a group 17 element.
1. A catalyst comprising:
a substrate; and
a first metal atom as a catalytic center supported on the substrate,
wherein the substrate contains a non-metallic atom and a second metal atom,
the non-metallic atom being any one selected from the group consisting of a group 15 element, a group 16 element and a group 17 element, and
the second metal being a lanthanoid.
2. The catalyst of claim 1 , further comprising a polymer containing a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units,
wherein at least a part of the first metal atom and the substrate is covered with the polymer.
3. The catalyst of claim 2 , wherein:
at least one first structural unit of the plurality of first structural units of the polymer has a first constituent atom constituting at least a part of a main chain of the polymer and a first substituent bonding to the first constituent atom; and
a second substituent atom contained in each of the plurality of second structural units of the polymer bonds to the first constituent atom,
where the second constituent atom is different from the first constituent atom, or at least one substituent among all substituents on the second constituent atom is different from the first substituent.
4. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the main chain of the polymer does not contain a carbon atom.
5. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein neither the first constituent atom nor the second constituent atom is a carbon atom.
6. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the first constituent atom is a silicon atom.
7. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein the second constituent atom is an oxygen atom or a nitrogen atom.
8. The catalyst of claim 1 , wherein the first metal atom is any one selected from the group consisting of palladium, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, silver, gold, copper, nickel, cobalt, iron, chromium, manganese, scandium, indium, lanthanoid, technetium, osmium, molybdenum, tungsten, iridium, rhenium, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, tantalum, niobium and vanadium.
9. The catalyst of claim 3 , wherein:
the first constituent atom is a silicon atom; and
the first substituent is at least one of a substituent consisting only of a hydrogen atom, a substituent containing an oxygen atom and a substituent containing a carbon atom.
10. A method for manufacturing a catalyst comprising:
preparing a first substance containing a first metal atom;
preparing a substrate for supporting the first metal atom, the substrate containing a non-metallic atom and a second metal atom, the non-metallic atom being selected from the group consisting of a group 15 element, a group 16 element and a group 17 element, and the second metal atom being a lanthanoid; and
contacting the first substance and the substrate to obtain the catalyst.
11. The method of claim 10 , further comprising:
preparing a polymer containing a plurality of first structural units and a plurality of second structural units; and
reacting the first substance and the polymer.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein:
at least one first structural unit of the plurality of first structural units has a first constituent atom constituting at least a part of a main chain of the polymer and a first substituent bonding to the first constituent atom; and
a second constituent atom contained in each of the plurality of second structural units bonds to the first constituent atom,
where the second constituent atom is different from the first constituent atom, or at least one substituent among all substituents on the second constituent atom is different from the first substituent.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein in reacting the first substance and the polymer, a reaction of the first substituent and the first substance occurs.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein:
the first constituent atom is a silicon atom; and
the first substituent is a hydrogen atom.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein an electronegativity of the second constituent atom is higher than an electronegativity of the first constituent atom.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein in reacting the first substance and the polymer, the first metal atom is inserted between the silicon atom and the hydrogen atom.
17. A method for manufacturing a compound from a raw material by reduction reaction, oxidation reaction, hydrometalation, carbon-carbon bond-forming reaction or carbon-nitrogen bond-forming reaction using the catalyst according to claim 1 to obtain the compound.