Fermentative process for the manufacture of maltosyl-isomaltooligosaccharides (MIMO)
Described herein are efficient, low cost methods for making prebiotics that contain maltosyl-isomaltooligosaccharides (MIMOs), as well as compositions made by such methods.
1. A method comprising:
(a) contacting dextransucrase-producing bacterial cells with an aqueous culture medium comprising a ratio of sucrose to maltose ranging from 2.0 to about 4.5 to form a fermentation mixture, where at least one source of the sucrose and the maltose in the fermentation mixture is an impure source of sucrose or maltose; and
(b) fermenting the fermentation mixture for a time and under conditions to generate a composition comprising maltosyl-isomaltooligosaccharides (MIMOs) with a mass average molecular weight distribution of about 650 to 2000 daltons.
2. The method of claim 1 , where the sucrose comprises raw sugar, molasses, sugar cane syrup, sweet sorghum, energy cane syrup, beet sugar, beet molasses, sugar beet greens, maple syrup, algae, or any combinations thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , where the maltose is, or is derived from, maltose syrup, high maltose syrup, malt, saccharified starch, corn/maize starch, potato starch, tapioca starch, wheat starch, oat starch, millet starch, sorghum starch, rice starch, arrowroot starch, taro starch, kudzu starch, yam starch, or any combination thereof.
4. The method of claim 1 , where the impure source of sucrose or maltose does not contain toxic compounds, heavy metals, or toxic materials detectable by HPAEC-PAD, HPLC, ICP-MS, or HPLC-RID.
5. The method of claim 1 , where the dextransucrase-producing bacterial cells are Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Leuconostoc citreum, Leuconostoc gasicomitatum, Leuconostoc kimchi, Leuconostoc amelibiosum, Weissella confusa, Weissella cibaria, Lactococcus spp., Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillis spp. Pediococcus pentosaceus spp. or a mixture thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 , where the composition further comprises at least 3% of one or more maltodextrins.
7. A composition comprising MIMOs with a mass average molecular weight distribution of about 650 to 2000 daltons and with a degree of polymerization ranging from about DP 3 to DP 30; sucrose; maltose; one or more maltodextrins; lactate; glycerol; and acetate.
8. The composition of claim 7 , comprising MIMOs with a degree of polymerization ranging from DP 3 to DP 30; mannitol; glucose; sucrose; maltose; panose; 1,4-DP 3 oligosaccharide(s); 1,4-DP 4 oligosaccharide(s); lactate; glycerol; formate; and acetate.
9. The composition of claim 7 , comprising composition 1 or composition 2 in the following table, where the values shown are given as %/brix, or % of refractive dry solids
Composition 1
Composition 2
brix:
20.0
19.8
mannitol
10.26
24.08
fructose
0.56
0.08
sucrose
4.08
1.25
maltose
2.63
3.11
MIMO-DP 3
12.04
8.79
MIMO-DP 4
21.87
20.14
1,4-DP3
6.61
6.80
MIMO-DP 5
13.41
13.96
MIMO-DP 6
4.18
5.25
MIMO-DP 7
1.63
2.14
MIMO-DP 8
0.00
0.87
1,4-DP4
2.51
2.80
MIMO-DP 9
0.00
0.00
lactate
4.23
10.79
glycerol
0.05
0.13
formate
0.00
0.02
acetate
1.69
4.10
TOTAL:
91.04
104.30
MIMO, %:
53.13
51.14
Purity, %:
58.36
49.03
MWD:
693.21
723.72
Yield %:
67.30
55.98
where 1,4-DP3, and 1,4-DP4 are maltodextrins.
10. The composition of claim 7 , comprising composition 3 in the following table, where the values shown are given as %/brix, or % of refractive dry solids
Variable
Composition 3
brix:
18.7
mannitol
22.49
fructose
0.02
sucrose
1.03
maltose
2.99
MIMO-DP 3
6.88
MIMO-DP 4
14.07
1,4-DP3
6.29
MIMO-DP 5
12.18
MIMO-DP 6
5.90
MIMO-DP 7
2.33
MIMO-DP 8
1.04
1,4-DP4
5.02
MIMO-DP 9
0.00
lactate
16.03
glycerol
0.35
formate
0.00
acetate
4.39
TOTAL:
101.52
MIMO, %:
42.40
Purity, %:
41.77
MWD:
745.47
Yield %:
45.76
where 1,4-DP3, and 1,4-DP4 are maltodextrins.
11. The composition of claim 7 , comprising composition 4 or composition 5 in the following table, where the values shown are given as %/brix, or % of refractive dry solids
%/brix
Composition 4
Composition 5
Brix
25.5
26.2
mannitol
18.28
17.35
glucose
0.44
0.93
fructose
0.00
0.00
sucrose
2.93
2.84
maltose
1.95
2.72
panose
4.65
4.43
MIMO-DP4
11.33
9.96
1,4-DP3
10.66
10.23
MIMO-DP5
10.29
9.05
MIMO-DP6
7.08
6.82
MIMO-DP7
2.94
3.12
MIMO-DP8
1.85
1.69
1,4-DP4
9.93
6.33
MIMO-DP9
0.00
0.00
MIMO-DP10
0.00
0.00
lactic acid
8.30
8.08
glycerol
0.24
0.23
formic acid
0.06
0.05
acetic acid
2.92
2.86
MIMO
38.15
35.07
MO
20.59
16.56
Total
93.86
86.70
Purity
40.64
40.45
MWD
795.82
790.16
S/M
n/a
n/a.