Apparatus and system for active heat transfer management in ESI ion sources
An electrospray ion source comprises: a needle capillary comprising a spray tip end and an opposite end; a nebulizing gas channel parallel to the needle capillary; an auxiliary gas channel parallel to the needle capillary; a heater parallel to a length of the auxiliary gas channel; a thermally conductive heat transfer member parallel to a length of the needle capillary and disposed between the needle capillary and the heater, said heat transfer member having a first end adjacent to the spray tip end of the needle capillary and a second end opposite to the first end; and a cooled heat sink member in thermal contact with the second end of the heat transfer member.
1. An electrospray ion source comprising:
a needle capillary comprising a spray tip end and an opposite end;
a nebulizing gas channel parallel to the needle capillary;
a heater parallel to a length of the auxiliary gas channel;
a thermally conductive heat transfer member parallel to a length of the needle capillary and disposed between the needle capillary and the heater, said thermally conductive heat transfer member comprising:
a tube or sleeve having an inner surface defining a passageway within which the needle capillary and the nebulizing gas channel are disposed, the tube or sleeve having a first end adjacent to the spray tip end of the needle capillary, a second end opposite to the first end and an outer surface;
an internal chamber within a wall of the tube or sleeve and disposed between the outer surface and the inner surface of the tube or sleeve; and
a liquid melt enclosed within the internal chamber, configured to establish, during operation, convection within the melt, thereby increasing a rate of heat transfer from the first end to the second end of the tube or sleeve;
a cooled heat sink member in direct thermal contact with the second end of the heat transfer member; and
an auxiliary gas channel parallel to the needle capillary, and disposed between the heat transfer member and the heater.
2. An electrospray ion source as recited in claim 1 , wherein the opposite end of the needle capillary is disposed at a higher elevation than the elevation of the spray tip end.
3. An electrospray ion source as recited in claim 1 , wherein the liquid within the internal chamber comprises a Lipowitz's alloy.
4. An electrospray ion source as recited in claim 1 , further comprising:
an ionization chamber; and
a housing having a portion within the ionization chamber and another portion outside of the ionization chamber, wherein at least a portion of each of the needle capillary, nebulizing gas channel, auxiliary gas channel, heater and thermally conductive heat transfer member are disposed within the housing,
wherein the cooled heat sink member is disposed within the portion of the housing that is outside of the ionization chamber.
5. An electrospray ion source as recited in claim 1 , wherein the cooled heat sink member comprises a bladed heat radiator.
6. An electrospray ion source as recited in claim 5 , further comprising a source of air or gas configured to direct a flow of the air or gas onto the bladed heat radiator.
7. An electrospray ion source as recited in claim 1 , wherein the cooled heat sink member comprises an internal channel configured to receive a flow of cooling liquid therein.
8. An electrospray ion source as recited in claim 1 , wherein the internal chamber is in the form of an annular ring or a portion of an annular ring.
9. A system comprising:
an electrospray ion source comprising:
a needle capillary comprising a spray tip end and an opposite end;
a nebulizing gas channel parallel to the needle capillary;
a heater parallel to a length of the auxiliary gas channel;
a thermally conductive heat transfer member parallel to a length of the needle capillary and disposed between the needle capillary and the heater, said thermally conductive heat transfer member comprising:
a tube or sleeve having an inner surface defining a passageway within which the needle capillary and the nebulizing gas channel are disposed, the tube or sleeve having a first end adjacent to the spray tip end of the needle capillary, a second end opposite to the first end and an outer surface;
an internal chamber within a wall of the tube or sleeve and disposed between the outer surface and the inner surface of the tube or sleeve; and
a liquid within the internal chamber; and
a liquid melt enclosed within the internal chamber, configured to establish, during operation, convection within the melt, thereby increasing a rate of heat transfer from the first end to the second end of the tube or sleeve;
a cooled heat sink member in direct thermal contact with the second end of the heat transfer member; and
an auxiliary gas channel parallel to the needle capillary, and disposed between the heat transfer member and the heater;
a temperature sensor adjacent to the needle capillary; and
a temperature controller electrically coupled to the temperature sensor and to the heater.
10. A system as recited in claim 9 , wherein the opposite end of the needle capillary is disposed at a higher elevation than the elevation of the spray tip end.
11. A system as recited in claim 9 , wherein the liquid within the internal chamber comprises a Lipowitz's alloy.
12. A system as recited in claim 9 , further comprising:
cooling means coupled to the cooled heat sink member;
a second temperature sensor in thermal contact with the cooled heat sink member; and
a cooler control apparatus electrically coupled to the cooling means, the second temperature sensor and the temperature controller.
13. A system as recited in claim 12 , wherein the cooler control apparatus is electrically coupled to the temperature controller.
14. A system as recited in claim 9 , wherein the internal chamber is in the form of an annular ring or a portion of an annular ring.