Beamforming using an antenna array

1. A wireless device for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the wireless device comprising:

processing circuitry;

memory containing instructions executable by the processing circuitry whereby the wireless device is operative to:

obtain an indication for transmission of the signal requiring use of less than all of the physical antenna elements of the antenna array for transmission of the signal;

reducing the full antenna aperture of the antenna array by forming virtual antenna elements for the less than all of the physical antenna elements of the antenna array

connecting each of the virtual antenna elements to at least part of all physical antenna elements of the antenna array such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and

initiate transmission of the signal using the array of the virtual antenna elements.

2. The wireless device of claim 1 , wherein the virtual antenna elements form a virtual antenna array being a subset of the full antenna array with respect to power patterns.

3. The wireless device of claim 1 wherein power amplifiers of the beamforming antenna array are fully utilized.

4. The wireless device of claim 1 wherein the beamforming antenna array has an antenna architecture based on one-dimensional or two-dimensional antenna arrays.

5. A network node for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the antenna array comprising physical antenna elements of a first polarization and physical antenna elements of a second polarization, and the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical antenna elements of the antenna array for transmission of the signal, the network node comprising:

processing circuitry;

memory containing instructions executable by the processing circuitry whereby the network node is operative to:

form at least one virtual antenna element for the partial antenna array to create a virtual aperture smaller than the full antenna aperture of the antenna array;

connect each of the at least one virtual antenna element to at least one physical antenna element of the first polarization and at least one physical antenna element of the second polarization such that the at least one virtual antenna element at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and

transmit the signal using the physical antenna elements connected to the at least one virtual antenna element.

6. A network node of claim 5 , wherein the first polarization is orthogonal to the second polarization.

7. The network node of claim 5 , wherein connecting each of the at least one virtual antenna element comprises connecting each of the at least one virtual antenna element to at least one physical antenna element of the first polarization and at least one physical antenna element of the second polarization such that the at least one virtual antenna element utilize the full antenna aperture.

8. The network node of claim 5 , wherein an angular power pattern of the at least one virtual antenna element is identical to an angular power pattern of one of the physical antenna elements of the antenna array.

9. The network node of claim 5 , wherein the at least one virtual antenna element have a total power being the sum of output power for all physical antenna elements of the antenna array.

10. The network node of claim 5 , wherein the at least one virtual antenna element are formed by reduction factors Q and R being applied to all antenna elements of the antenna array.

11. The network node of claim 10 , wherein all non-zero elements of the reduction factors Q and R have constant modulus.

12. The network node of claim 10 :

wherein Q comprises:

a first factor O 2A for reduction along a first dimension and resulting in a first polarization of the at least one virtual antenna element; and

a second factor Q 2B for reduction along the first dimension and resulting in a second polarization of the at least one virtual antenna element;

wherein R comprises:

a first factor R 2A for reduction along a second dimension and resulting in the first polarization of the at least one virtual antenna element; and

a second factor R 2B for reduction along the second dimension and resulting in the second polarization of the at least one virtual antenna element.

13. The network node of claim 12 , wherein Q 2A and Q 2B have identical dimensions resulting in same reduction, and wherein R 2A and R 2B have identical dimensions resulting in same reduction.

14. The network node of claim 12 , wherein reduction using Q 2A and Q 2B and reduction using R 2A and R 2B result in the at least one virtual antenna element having orthogonal polarization in all directions.

15. The network node of claim 12 :

wherein elements of Q 2B are derived from Q 2A by reversing in order, negating, and/or complex conjugating the elements of Q 2A ; and

wherein elements of R 2B are derived from R 2A by reversing in order, negating, and/or complex conjugating the elements of R 2A .

16. The network node of claim 5 , wherein the at least one virtual antenna element for each polarization have a phase center separation identical to the phase center separation of the full antenna aperture.

17. The network node of claim 5 , wherein the full antenna aperture of the antenna array is iteratively reduced at least two times along at least one dimension of the antenna array.

18. The network node of claim 5 , wherein the connecting each of the at least one virtual antenna element comprises expanding weight factors applied to the physical antenna elements by:

determining weight factors for the physical antenna elements responsive to weights applied to the at least one virtual antenna element utilizing one or more reduction factors Q and R; and

applying the weight factors to the physical antenna elements connected to the at least one virtual antenna element.

19. The network node of claim 18 :

wherein the at least one virtual antenna element are formed by reduction factors Q and R being applied to all physical antenna elements of the antenna array;

wherein the weight factors are expanded using the reduction factors Q and R.

20. The network node of claim 5 , wherein the partial antenna aperture is used to form one or two beam ports.

21. The network node of claim 5 , wherein the reducing and the expanding only are performed along one dimension of the antenna array.

22. The method of claim 5 , wherein the antenna array is a two-dimensional antenna array, and wherein the reducing and the expanding are performed along both dimensions of the antenna array.

23. A method for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the antenna array comprising physical antenna elements of a first polarization and physical antenna elements of a second polarization, and the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical antenna elements of the antenna array for transmission of the signal, the method being performed by a network node and comprising:

forming at least one virtual antenna element for the partial antenna array to create a virtual aperture smaller than the full antenna aperture of the antenna array;

connecting each of the at least one virtual antenna element to at least one physical antenna element of the first polarization and at least one physical antenna element of the second polarization such that the at least one virtual antenna element at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and

transmitting the signal using the physical antenna elements connected to the at least one virtual antenna element.

24. A method for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the method being performed by a wireless device and comprising:

obtaining an indication for transmission of the signal requiring use of less than all of the physical antenna elements of the antenna array for transmission of the signal;

reducing the full antenna aperture of the antenna array by forming virtual antenna elements for the less than all of the physical antenna elements of the antenna array;

connecting each of the virtual antenna elements to at least part of all physical antenna elements of the antenna array such that the virtual antenna elements at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and

initiating transmission of the signal using the array of the virtual antenna elements.

25. A non-transitory computer readable recording medium storing a computer program product for transmitting a signal using a beamforming antenna array, the antenna array comprising physical antenna elements of a first polarization and physical antenna elements of a second polarization, and the signal requiring use of a partial antenna array of the antenna array, the partial antenna array requiring less than all of the physical antenna elements of the antenna array for transmission of the signal, the computer program product comprising software instructions which, when run on processing circuitry of a network node, causes the network node to:

form at least one virtual antenna element for the partial antenna array to create a virtual aperture smaller than the full antenna aperture of the antenna array;

connect each of the at least one virtual antenna element to at least one physical antenna element of the first polarization and at least one physical antenna element of the second polarization such that the at least one virtual antenna element at least partly utilize the full antenna aperture; and

transmit the signal using the physical antenna elements connected to the at least one virtual antenna element.