Electrophotographic apparatus, process cartridge and cartridge set
An electrophotographic apparatus comprising an electrophotographic photosensitive member, a charging device, and a developing device, wherein the charging device comprises a conductive member arranged to be capable of contacting the electrophotographic photosensitive member, a conductive layer on the conductive member outer surface comprises a matrix and a plurality of domains dispersed in the matrix, at least some of the domains are exposed at the conductive member outer surface, the matrix has a volume resistivity of larger than 1.00×10 12 Ω·cm and is 1.0×10 5 times or more one of the domains, the developing device comprises the toner comprising a toner particle, fine particles A and B, the fine particle A has a volume resistivity of 1.0×10 3 to 1.0×10 10 Ω·cm, and the fine particle B is silica fine particle and having a volume resistivity of 1.0×10 11 to 1.0×10 17 Ω·cm.
1. An electrophotographic apparatus comprising:
an electrophotographic photosensitive member;
a charging device for charging a surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member; and
a developing device for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member with a toner to form a toner image on the surface of the elecetrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein
the charging device comprises a conductive member arranged to be capable of contacting the electrophotographic photosensitive member,
the conductive member comprises a support having a conductive outer surface, and a conductive layer provided on the outer surface of the support,
the conductive layer comprises a matrix and a plurality of domains dispersed in the matrix,
the matrix contains a first rubber,
each of the domains contains a second rubber and an electronic conductive agent,
at least some of the domains are exposed at the outer surface of the conductive member,
the outer surface of the conductive member is composed of at least the matrix and the domains exposed at the outer surface of the conductive member,
the matrix has a volume resistivity Rm of larger than 1.00×10 12 Ω·cm,
the volume resistivity Rm of the matrix is 1.0×10 5 times or more a volume resistivity Rd of the domains,
the developing device comprises the toner,
the toner comprises a toner particle containing a binder resin, and fine particle A and fine particle B both on a surface of the toner particle,
the fine particle A has a volume resistivity R1 of 1.0×10 3 to 1.0×10 10 Ω·cm,
the fine particle B is silica fine particle, and
the fine particle B has a volume resistivity R2 of 1.0×10 11 to 1.0×10 17 Ω·cm.
2. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the volume resistivity R2 of the fine particle B is 1.0×10 5 times or more the volume resistivity R1 of the fine particle A.
3. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the fine particle A has a primary particle having a number average particle diameter L1 of 10 to 300 nm.
4. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the fine particle A comprises at least one kind fine particle selected from the group consisting of a titanium oxide fine particle and a strontium titanate fine particle.
5. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the fine particle B has a primary particle having a number average particle diameter L2 of 5 to 200 nm.
6. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein an arithmetic mean value Lw of distances between adjacent wall surfaces of the domains in the conductive layer in cross-sectional observation of the conductive member is from 0.20 to 6.00 μm.
7. The elecetrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the number average particle diameter L2 (nm) of the primary particle of the fine particle B, and
an arithmetic mean value Lws (nm) of distances between adjacent wall surfaces of the domains in the conductive layer when observing the outer surface of the conductive member
satisfy a relationship of L2<Lws.
8. The electrophotographic apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein
the volume resistivity Rd (Ω·cm) of the domains, and
the volume resistivity R1 (Ω·cm) of the fine particles A
satisfy a relationship of a following formula (1):
1.0×10 −1 ≤R 1/ Rd≤ 1.0×10 7 (1).
9. A process cartridge detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus,
the process cartridge comprising:
a charging device for charging a surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member; and
a developing device for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member with a toner to form a toner image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member, wherein
the charging device comprises a conductive member arranged to be capable of contacting the electrophotographic photosensitive member,
the conductive member comprises a support having a conductive outer surface, and a conductive layer provided on the outer surface of the support,
the conductive layer comprises a matrix and a plurality of domains dispersed in the matrix,
the matrix contains a first rubber;
each of the domains contains a second rubber and an electronic conductive agent,
at least some of the domains are exposed at the outer surface of the conductive member,
the outer surface of the conductive member is composed of at least the matrix and the domains exposed at the outer surface of the conductive member,
the matrix has a volume resistivity Rm of larger than 1.00×10 12 Ω·cm,
the volume resistivity Rm of the matrix is 1.0×10 5 times or more a volume resistivity Rd of the domains,
the developing device comprises the toner,
the toner comprises a toner particle containing a binder resin, and fine particle A and fine particle B both on a surface of the toner particle,
the fine particle A has a volume resistivity R1 of 1.0×10 3 to 1.0×10 10 Ω·cm,
the fine particle B is silica fine particle, and
the fine particle B has a volume resistivity R2 of 1.0×10 11 to 1.0×10 17 Ω·cm.
10. A cartridge set that is detachably attachable to a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus and comprises a first cartridge and a second cartridge, wherein
the first cartridge comprises
a charging device for charging a surface of an electrophotographic photosensitive member; and
a first frame for supporting the charging device, and
the second cartridge comprises
a toner container that accommodates a toner for developing an electrostatic latent image formed on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member to form a toner image on the surface of the electrophotographic photosensitive member,
the charging device comprises a conductive member arranged to be capable of contacting the electrophotographic photosensitive member,
the conductive member comprises a support having a conductive outer surface, and a conductive layer provided on the outer surface of the support,
the conductive layer comprises a matrix and a plurality of domains dispersed in the matrix,
the matrix contains a first rubber,
each of the domain contains a second rubber and an electronic conductive agent,
at least some of the domains are exposed at the outer surface of the conductive member,
the outer surface of the conductive member is composed of at least the matrix and the domains exposed at the outer surface of the conductive member,
the matrix has a volume resistivity Rm of larger than 1.00×10 12 Ω·cm,
the volume resistivity Rm of the matrix is 1.0×10 5 times or more a volume resistivity Rd of the domains,
the toner comprises a toner particle containing a binder resin, and fine particle A and fine particle B both on a surface of the toner particle,
the fine particle A has a volume resistivity R1 of 1.0×10 3 to 1.0×10 10 Ω·cm,
the fine particle B is silica fine particle, and
the fine particles B has a volume resistivity R2 of 1.0×10 11 to 1.0×10 17 Ω·cm.