Systems and methods for catalytic upgrading of vacuum residue to distillate fractions and olefins
Systems and methods for upgrading a heavy oil feed to a light product comprising distillate fractions and olefins, the method including combining a heavy oil feed with a naphtha-based cracking additive to produce a mixed heavy oil feed; heating the mixed heavy oil feed with a nano-zeolite catalyst to effect catalytic upgrading of the mixed heavy oil feed to produce lighter distillate fractions and olefins in an upgraded product; and separating the lighter distillate fractions from the olefins.
1. A method for upgrading a heavy oil feed to a light product comprising distillate fractions and olefins, the method comprising the steps of:
combining a heavy oil feed with a naphtha-based cracking additive to produce a mixed heavy oil feed;
heating the mixed heavy oil feed with a nano-zeolite catalyst, where the step of heating is carried out without hydrogen addition and without steam addition, to effect catalytic upgrading of the mixed heavy oil feed to produce lighter distillate fractions and olefins in an upgraded product, the upgraded product including at least about 20 wt. % olefins; and
separating the lighter distillate fractions from the olefins, where the nano-zeolite catalyst to mixed heavy oil feed weight ratio is between about 0.5:2 to about 0.5:24.
2. The method according to claim 1 , where the heavy oil feed has an American Petroleum Institute (API) gravity between about 5 and about 22.
3. The method according to claim 1 , where the heavy oil feed is selected from the group consisting of: de-asphalted oil, de-metalized oil, heavy vacuum gas oil, and combinations thereof.
4. The method according to claim 1 , where the naphtha-based cracking additive comprises straight run naphtha with an API gravity from about 40 to about 77 and a boiling point range from between about 200° F. to 500° F.
5. The method according to claim 1 , where the naphtha-based cracking additive includes at least one component selected from the group consisting of: straight run naphtha with a boiling point range between about 200° F. to about 400° F., and straight run kerosene with a boiling point range between about 400° F. to about 500° F.
6. The method according to claim 1 , where the naphtha-based cracking additive is between about 5 wt. % to about 30 wt. % of the mixed heavy oil feed.
7. The method according to claim 1 , where the naphtha-based cracking additive is between about 10 wt. % to about 25 wt. % of the mixed heavy oil feed.
8. The method according to claim 1 , where the step of heating is carried out at between about 575° C. to about 650° C. for between about 2 hours to about 6 hours.
9. The method according to claim 1 , where the step of heating is carried out at between about 590° C. to about 610° C. for between about 3 hours to about 4 hours.
10. The method according to claim 1 , where the nano-zeolite catalyst comprises a nano ZSM-5 silica/alumina zeolite with a silica:alumina molar ratio between about 20 to about 250 with zeolite crystals sized from about 50 to about 350 nm.
11. The method according to claim 1 , where the nano-zeolite catalyst comprises a nano-zeolite catalyst material of one-dimensional or three-dimensional structure with medium pores and large pores, with 10-12 atom structure, operable to uptake heavy hydrocarbon molecule components from the mixed heavy oil feed.
12. The method according to claim 1 , where the lighter distillate fractions include at least one component selected from the group consisting of: naphtha, kerosene, diesel, and fuel oil.
13. The method according to claim 1 , where the olefins include at least one component selected from the group consisting of: ethylene, propylene, and butenes.
14. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising the step of regenerating the nano-zeolite catalyst to remove coke after the step of heating, the step of regenerating comprising heating the nano-zeolite catalyst under air at between about 650° C. to about 750° C. for between about 3 hours to about 5 hours.
15. The method according to claim 14 , further comprising the step of measuring CO 2 content to determine completion of the step of regenerating the nano-zeolite catalyst.
16. The method according to claim 1 , where the step of combining includes stirring the heavy oil feed and naphtha-based cracking additive with a stirrer at between about 50 rpm and about 1500 rpm for between about 1 hour and about 2 hours.
17. The method according to claim 1 , where the upgraded product comprises between about 5-10 wt. % hydrogen gas, about 20-40 wt. % olefin gas, and about 28-55 wt. % lighter distillate fractions.
18. A system to carry out the method of claim 1 , the system comprising:
a thermal mixing unit with a stirrer to adapted for the step of combining;
a catalytic upgrading unit in fluid communication with the thermal mixing unit and adapted for the step of heating; and
a gas-liquid separator unit adapted for the separating step.
19. The system according to claim 18 , further comprising a heated pump and a heated line between the thermal mixing unit and the catalytic upgrading unit.
20. The system according to claim 18 , where the catalytic upgrading unit is in fluid communication with a nitrogen feed and an air feed for a step of regenerating the nano-zeolite catalyst to remove coke.
21. The system according to claim 18 , where the catalytic upgrading unit comprises a fixed bed reactor with the nano-zeolite catalyst disposed in the fixed bed reactor.