Composition comprising oligomeric polyol compositions and polyisocyanates
There is provided an oligomeric polyol composition having (a) an oligomeric network containing residues of at least one polyhydroxylated aromatic compound and residues of at least one polyol having at least three hydroxyl groups; and (b) a plurality of peripheral groups having one or more pendant hydroxyl groups bound to the oligomeric network by a plurality of linking units. The residues of the polyol may optionally contain one or more oxygen ether groups, one or more amino ether groups, or both of one or more oxygen ether groups and one or more amino ether groups. Reaction of the oligomeric polyols with isocyanate monomers affords a new class of polyurethanes having superior heat and water resistance. The new polyurethanes exhibit lower peak exotherms, typically less than 250° F. during in-mold polymerization. Articles prepared from polyurethanes incorporating such oligomeric polyol compositions exhibit flexural strengths and moduli in excess of 10,000 psi and 400,000 psi respectively, and outstanding green strength.
1. A composition comprising:
(a) first part comprising one or more polyisocyanates; and
(b) a second part comprising an oligomeric polyol composition, which comprises:
(i) at least one oligomeric polyol component;
(ii) at least one monomeric polyol; and
(iii) at least one polyhydroxylated aromatic compound;
wherein the at least one oligomeric polyol component comprises residues of either or both of the at least one monomeric polyol and the at least one polyhydroxylated aromatic compound linked by one or more carbonate groups and optionally one or more oxygen ether groups; and
wherein the at least one monomeric polyol comprises more than three secondary hydroxyl groups and contains one or more oxygen ether groups; and
wherein when the first part and the second part are contacted the composition cures by reaction of at least a portion of the hydroxyl groups of the at least one oligomeric polyol component and at least a portion of the hydroxy groups of the at least one monomeric polyol with the one or more polyisocyanates.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more polyisocyanates comprises a monomeric polyisocyanate, a polyisocyanate prepolymer, a blocked polyisocyanate, a polymeric polyisocyanate, or a mixture of two or more of the foregoing.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more polyisocyanates comprises a prepolymer which is a polymeric reaction product of a monomeric polyisocyanate and a polyether polyol.
4. The composition of claim 3 , wherein the monomeric polyisocyanate comprises diphenylmethane diisocyanate and the polyether polyol comprises a polyoxypropylene diol.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the one or more polyisocyanates has an average isocyanate functionality or latent isocyanate functionality of about 2.0 or greater and an average isocyanate functionality or latent isocyanate functionality of and 4.0 or less.
6. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a filler comprising one or more clay fillers, glass flake fillers, glass fiber fillers, carbon black fillers, carbon fiber fillers, basalt fiber fillers, or mixtures thereof.
7. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising a catalyst comprising one or more of an organotin compound, a tertiary amine, or two or more of the foregoing.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one monomeric polyol has four or more hydroxyl groups.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one oligomeric polyol component comprises an oligomeric network comprising residues of the at least one polyhydroxylated aromatic compound and residues of the at least one monomeric polyol; and a plurality of peripheral groups each comprising one or more hydroxyl groups bound to the oligomeric network by a plurality of linking units, wherein at least a portion of the linking units are oxygen atoms of carbonate linkages and optionally hydrocarbyl ether linkages.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein at least a portion of the linking units are carbonate linkages.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one oligomeric polyol component comprises carbonate species comprising one or more carbonate groups and two or more residues of the monomeric polyol.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the at least one monomeric polyol comprises a mixture of polyols having an average molecular weight of less than 500 grams per mole.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the oligomeric polyol composition comprises the reaction product of an aromatic polycarbonate with at least one monomeric polyol having more than three secondary hydroxyl groups;
wherein the at least one oligomeric polyol component comprises residues of at least one polyhydroxylated aromatic compound derived from the aromatic polycarbonate and residues of the at least one monomeric polyol; and
wherein at least a portion of the residues of the at least one polyhydroxylated aromatic compound derived from the aromatic polycarbonate and the residues of the at least one monomeric polyol are linked by carbonate groups.
14. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the oligomeric polyol composition comprising the reaction product of the aromatic polycarbonate with the at least one monomeric polyol having more than three secondary hydroxyl groups is formed at a temperature of greater than 120 degrees centigrade or greater and 160 degrees centigrade or less during a reaction time of 45 minutes or greater and 90 minutes or less.
15. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the oligomeric polyol composition comprising the reaction product of the aromatic polycarbonate with the at least one monomeric polyol having more than three secondary hydroxyl groups is formed in the presence of a metal hydroxide catalyst comprising potassium hydroxide.
16. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the aromatic polycarbonate and the at least one monomeric polyol having more than three secondary hydroxyl groups are reacted in a molar ratio of 0.25:1 or greater.
17. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the oligomeric polyol composition comprising the reaction product of the aromatic polycarbonate with the at least one monomeric polyol having more than three secondary hydroxyl groups further comprises residues of one or more polyhydroxylated amines.
18. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the at least one monomeric polyol has four or more secondary hydroxyl groups.
19. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the at least one monomeric polyol has a molecular weight under 500 grams per mole and a molecular weight of 130 grams per mole or greater.
20. The composition of claim 13 , wherein the one or more polyisocyanates comprises a prepolymer which is a polymeric reaction product of a monomeric polyisocyanate and a polyether polyol.