Sinterable composition for use in solar photovoltaic cells
The present invention relates to a conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells comprising metal particles dispersed in a suitable carrier therefor, wherein said carrier comprises a solvent and a resin, and wherein at least a portion of said metal particles are characterized by having a ψ value, as defined by X-ray diffraction<0.0020, having at least 50% degree of crystallinity, and being anisotropic with respect to crystallographic direction.
1. A conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells comprising:
metal particles dispersed in a suitable carrier therefor,
wherein said carrier comprises a solvent and a resin, and
wherein at least a portion of said metal particles are characterized by:
having a ψ value, as defined by X-ray diffraction, <0.0020,
having from 50% degree of crystallinity to 90% degree of crystallinity, and
being anisotropic with respect to crystallographic direction.
2. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according to claim 1 , wherein said metal particles are selected from Ag, Cu, Au, Pd, Ni, In, Sn, Zn, Li, Mg, Al or Mo.
3. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according to claim 1 , wherein at least 5% of said metal particles are characterized by:
having a ψ value, as defined by X-ray diffraction, <0.0020,
having at least 50% degree of crystallinity, and
being anisotropic with respect to crystallographic direction.
4. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according to claim 1 , wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of an alcohol, an aromatic hydrocarbon, a saturated hydrocarbon, a chlorinated hydrocarbon, an ether, a polyol, an ester, a dibasic ester, kerosene, high boiling alcohols and esters thereof, glycol ethers, ketones, amides, heteroaromatic compounds, and mixtures thereof.
5. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according claim 4 , wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of dipropylene glycol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, hexylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, diacetone alcohol, tert-butyl alcohol, 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediol, tridecanol, 1,2-octanediol, butyldiglycol, alpha-terpineol or beta-terpineol, 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethyl acetate, 2,2,4-trimetyl-1,3-pentanediol diisobutyrate, 1,2-propylene carbonate, carbitol acetate, butyl carbitol acetate, butyl carbitol, 2-phenoxy ethanol, ethyl carbitol acetate, hexylene glycol, or dibutylphthalate, gamma-butyrolactones, dibasic ester, dibasic ester 9, dibasic ester 7, and mixtures thereof.
6. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according to claim 1 , wherein said resin is selected from the group consisting of cellulose based resins, polyester resins, phenoxy resins, polyurethane resins, halogenated resins selected from the group consisting of homopolymers of vinylidene chloride and copolymers of vinylidene chloride and acrylonitrile, polymethacrylate resins, polyacrylate resins, thermoset resins selected from the group consisting of epoxy resins, acrylate resins, bismaleimide resins, cyanate ester resins, silicone resins and oxetane functionalised resins and mixtures thereof.
7. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according to claim 1 , wherein said metal particles are present in the composition from 20 to 98% by weight by total weight of the composition.
8. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according to claim 1 , wherein said resin is present in the composition from 0.1 to 10% by weight by total weight of the composition.
9. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according to claim 1 , wherein said solvent is present in the composition from 1 to 30% by weight by total weight of the composition.
10. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according to claim 1 , wherein said composition further comprises a curing agent.
11. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according to claim 1 , further comprising second metal particles selected from the group consisting of Ag, Cu, Au, Pd, Ni, In, Sn, Zn, Li, Mg, Al, Mo, and mixtures thereof.
12. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according to claim 11 , wherein the second metal particles have an average particle size of 2 μm to 40 μm.
13. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according to claim 11 , wherein the second metal particles have a tap density from 1.5 g/cm 3 to 6.0 g/cm 3 .
14. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according to claim 11 , wherein the second metal particles have a surface area between 0.4 to 2.1 m 2 /g.
15. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according to claim 11 , wherein the second metal particles have D50 from 0.9 to 2.1 micron.
16. The conductive paste composition for solar photovoltaic cells according to claim 11 , wherein the second metal particles have an average particle size of 2 μm to 40 μm, a tap density from 1.5 g/cm 3 to 6.0 g/cm 3 , a surface area between 0.4 to 2.1 m 2 /g, and D50 from 0.9 to 2.1 micron.