X-ray tube heat sink and target material
An x-ray source can include an x-ray tube, and a heat sink for removal of heat from the x-ray tube. The heat sink can be thermally coupled to the anode and can extend away from the anode along a heat sink longitudinal axis. The heat sink can have a base and a fin extending from the base. The base can have a greater thickness nearer the anode, and a reduced thickness along the heat sink longitudinal axis to a smaller thickness farther from the anode.
1. An x-ray source comprising:
an x-ray tube including a cathode and an anode electrically insulated from one another, the cathode configured to emit electrons in an electron beam towards the anode, and the anode configured to emit x-rays out of the x-ray tube in response to impinging electrons from the cathode;
a heat sink thermally coupled to the anode, and extending away from the anode along a heat sink longitudinal axis;
the heat sink having a base and an array of fins;
the base having a greater thickness nearer the anode and reducing in thickness along the heat sink longitudinal axis to a smaller thickness farther from the anode;
the array of fins extending from the base and arrayed along the heat sink longitudinal axis;
each fin of the array of fins extends from the base in a direction perpendicular to the heat sink longitudinal axis;
the array of fins includes fins extending in each of two opposite directions away from the heat sink longitudinal axis;
an outer perimeter of the fins in each of the two opposite directions has a convex shape perpendicular to the heat sink longitudinal axis; and
the array of fins includes two opposite flat sides extending from the convex shape at the outer perimeter in one of the two opposite directions to the convex shape at the outer perimeter in the other of the two opposite directions, each opposite flat side providing a surface for mounting a fan.
2. The x-ray source of claim 1 , wherein Th 1 /Th 2 ≥1.5, where Th 1 is the greater thickness of the base nearer the anode, Th 2 is the smaller thickness of the base farther from the anode, both thicknesses measured perpendicular to the heat sink longitudinal axis and in a single plane parallel to and passing through the heat sink longitudinal axis.
3. The x-ray source of claim 2 , wherein 10≥Th 1 /Th 2 ≥2.
4. The x-ray source of claim 1 , wherein the greater thickness nearer the anode and reducing in thickness along the heat sink longitudinal axis to the smaller thickness farther from the anode is on each of two opposite sides of the heat sink longitudinal axis.
5. The x-ray source of claim 1 , wherein fins of the array of fins are annular and circumscribe the base.
6. The x-ray source of claim 1 , wherein 3≥Th o /Th i ≥1.5, where Th o is a maximum thickness of two outermost fins and Th i is a maximum thickness of fins between the two outermost fins, of the array of fins.
7. The x-ray source of claim 1 , wherein a maximum height of each of the fins at the two opposite flat sides at a location closest to the base is ≤1 mm.
8. The x-ray source of claim 1 , further comprising a fan mounted at each of the two opposite flat sides, one of the fans configured to blow towards the heat sink and the other fan configured to draw air away from the heat sink.
9. The x-ray source of claim 1 , wherein an outer surface of the base has a convex shape.
10. The x-ray source of claim 1 , wherein a plane of each fin extending in one of two opposite directions is aligned with a plane of a paired fin extending in another of the two opposite directions.
11. The x-ray tube of claim 1 , wherein
within a plane parallel to and passing through the heat sink longitudinal axis, a distance from the heat sink longitudinal axis to a distal end of each fin is the same for all fins.
12. The x-ray tube of claim 1 , wherein a distance from the heat sink longitudinal axis to a distal end of each fin is the same for all fins.
13. The x-ray source of claim 1 , further comprising a bore extending through the base and aligned with the heat sink longitudinal axis, the bore having opposite ends; and wherein the x-ray tube is mounted at one of the ends of the bore.
14. The x-ray source of claim 13 , wherein the x-ray tube, cables for providing electrical power to the x-ray tube, or both pass through the bore.
15. The x-ray source of claim 1 , wherein:
a target material of the anode is configured for generation of the x-rays in response to the impinging electrons; and
thermal resistance for conduction times area of heat transfer between the target material and the heat sink is ≤0.01 K*m 2 /W.
16. An x-ray source comprising:
an x-ray tube including a cathode and an anode electrically insulated from one another, the cathode configured to emit electrons in an electron beam towards the anode, and the anode configured to emit x-rays out of the x-ray tube in response to impinging electrons from the cathode;
a heat sink thermally coupled to the anode, and extending away from the anode along a heat sink longitudinal axis;
the heat sink having a base and an array of fins;
the base having a greater thickness nearer the anode and reducing in thickness along the heat sink longitudinal axis to a smaller thickness farther from the anode;
the array of fins extending from the base and arrayed along the heat sink longitudinal axis;
each fin of the array of fins extends from the base in a direction perpendicular to the heat sink longitudinal axis; and
the array of fins include a smaller surface area of fins nearer the anode and increasing surface area of fins along the heat sink longitudinal axis to a larger surface area of fins farther from the anode.
17. The x-ray source of claim 16 , wherein a surface area of a fin farthest from the anode divided by a surface area of a fin nearest the anode is ≥1.3.
18. The x-ray source of claim 16 , wherein the base has a tapered increase in thermal resistance for conduction moving away from the anode.
19. The x-ray source of claim 16 , wherein the base has a tapered reduction in thickness moving away from the anode.
20. An x-ray source comprising:
an x-ray tube including a cathode and an anode electrically insulated from one another, the cathode configured to emit electrons in an electron beam towards the anode, the anode including a target material configured to emit x-rays out of the x-ray tube in response to impinging electrons from the cathode, the target material and the anode comprise ≥97 and ≤99.75 weight percent tungsten and ≥0.25 and ≤3 weight percent lanthanum oxide, a total weight percent of all materials in the target material equals 100 weight percent and a total weight percent of all materials in the anode equals 100 weight percent.