Ferritic stainless steel and method for producing same, and heat exchanger equipped with ferritic stainless steel as member
A ferritic stainless steel and a heat exchanger using the ferritic stainless steel are provided. The ferritic stainless steel includes, in mass %, C: 0.030% or less, N: 0.020% or less, Si: 0.5% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 16% to 25%, Nb: 0.05% to 1.0%, Al: 0.003% to 0.20%, and a balance comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities. The Al oxide is present on the surface of the material, the surface coverage ratio by the Al oxide is 5% to 70%, the surface roughness in Ra measured by red laser is 0.010-0.15 μm, and the thickness from the surface to the point, which includes the value of a half peak of the Al content on the surface, satisfies 300 nm or less, the value of a half peak of the Al content in an elemental profile expressed by a cation ratio.
1. A ferritic stainless steel comprising, in mass %, C: 0.030% or less, N: 0.030% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 13% to 25%, Al: 0.003% to 0.30%, Ga: 0.001% to 0.05%, and a balance comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein,
an Al oxide is present on a surface of the ferritic stainless steel,
a surface coverage ratio by the Al oxide, which is an area ratio of the Al oxide, is 5% to 70%,
a surface roughness of the ferritic stainless steel in Ra measured by red laser is 0.010 μm to 0.15 μm, and
a thickness of the Al oxide on the surface satisfies 5 to 300 nm, the thickness of the Al oxide is a thickness from the surface to a point in which an Al content is a value of a half peak of the Al content in an elemental profile expressed by a cation ratio.
2. A ferritic stainless steel comprising, in mass %, C: 0.030% or less, N: 0.030% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 13% to 25%, Ti: 0.001% to 0.30%, Al: 0.003% to 0.30%, Ga: 0.001% to 0.05%,and a balance comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein,
an Al oxide and a Ti oxide are present on a surface of the ferritic stainless steel,
a surface coverage ratio by the Al oxide and the Ti oxide, which is an area ratio of the Al oxide and the Ti oxide, is 5% to 70%,
a surface roughness of the ferritic stainless steel in Ra measured by red laser is 0.010 μm to 0.15 μm, and
a thickness of the Al oxide and the Ti oxide on the surface satisfies 5 to 300 nm, the thickness of the Al oxide and the Ti oxide is a thickness from the surface to a point in which a higher content among an Al content and a Ti content is a value of a half peak of the content thereof in an elemental profile expressed by a cation ratio.
3. The ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1 , further comprising, in mass %, one or more of Mo: 0.3% to 3%, Nb: 0.05% to 1.0%, Ni: 0.1% to 2.0%, Cu: 0.10% to 1.0%, Sn, Sb, Zr, Co, and W: 0.005% to 0.5%, V: 0.03% to 1.0%, B: 0.0001% to 0.0030%, Mg: 0.0001% to 0.0050%, La: 0.001% to 0.1%, Y: 0.001% to 0.1%, Hf: 0.001% to 0.1%, REM: 0.001% to 0.1%, and Ca: 0.0001% to 0.0050%.
4. A heat exchanger comprising the ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1 .
5. The heat exchanger according to claim 4 , wherein the ferritic stainless steel further comprises, in mass %, one or more of Mo: 0.3% to 3%, Nb: 0.05% to 1.0%, Ni: 0.1% to 2.0%, Cu: 0.10% to 1.0%, Sn, Sb, Zr, Co, and W: 0.005% to 0.5%, V: 0.03% to 1.0%, B: 0.0001% to 0.0030%, Mg: 0.0001% to 0.0050%, La: 0.001% to 0.1%, Y: 0.001% to 0.1%, Hf: 0.001% to 0.1%, REM: 0.001% to 0.1%, and Ca: 0.0001% to 0 . 0050 %.
6. The ferritic stainless steel according to claim 2 , further comprising, in mass %, one or more of Mo: 0.3% to 3%, Nb: 0.05% to 1.0%, Ni: 0.1% to 2.0%, Cu: 0.10% to 1.0%, Sn, Sb, Zr, Co, and W: 0.005% to 0.5%, V: 0.03% to 1.0%, B: 0.0001% to 0.0030%, Mg: 0.0001% to 0.0050%, La: 0.001% to 0.1%, Y: 0.001% to 0.1%, Hf: 0.001% to 0.1%, REM: 0.001% to 0.1%, and Ca: 0.0001% to 0.0050%.
7. A heat exchanger comprising the ferritic stainless steel according to claim 2 .
8. The heat exchanger according to claim 7 , wherein the ferritic stainless steel further comprises, in mass %, one or more of Mo: 0.3% to 3%, Nb: 0.05% to 1.0%, Ni: 0.1% to 2.0%, Cu: 0.10% to 1.0%, Sn, Sb, Zr, Co, and W: 0.005% to 0.5%, V: 0.03% to 1.0%, B: 0.0001% to 0.0030%, Mg: 0.0001% to 0.0050%, La: 0.001% to 0.1%, Y: 0.001% to 0.1%, Hf: 0.001% to 0.1%, REM: 0.001% to 0.1%, and Ca: 0.0001% to 0.0050%.
9. A method of producing the ferritic stainless steel according to claim 1 , as a way to form the oxide, the method comprising the steps of:
setting a degree of vacuum less than 1×10 −2 Pa until temperature reaches 400° C. during heating of a steel plate comprising, in mass %, C: 0.030% or less, N: 0.030% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 13% to 25%, Al: 0.003% to 0.30%, Ga: 0.001% to 0.05%, and a balance comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities;
performing a heat treatment on the steel plate at a soaking temperature of 900° C. to 1200° C. for a soaking time of 1 minute or more and 120 minutes or less; and
adjusting the degree of vacuum to being in a range of 10 −2 Pa to 10 1 Pa after the temperature reaches the soaking temperature in order to obtain the ferritic stainless steel.
10. The method of producing a ferritic stainless steel according to claim 9 , wherein the steel plate further comprises, in mass %, one or more of Mo: 0.3% to 3%, Nb: 0.05% to 1.0%, Ni: 0.1% to 2.0%, Cu: 0.10% to 1.0%, Sn, Sb, Zr, Co, and W: 0.005% to 0.5%, V: 0.03% to 1.0%, B: 0.0001% to 0.0030%, Mg: 0.0001% to 0.0050%, La: 0.001% to 0.1%, Y: 0.001% to 0.1%, Hf: 0.001% to 0.1%, REM: 0.001% to 0.1%, and Ca: 0.0001% to 0.0050%.
11. A method of producing the ferritic stainless steel according to claim 2 , as a way to form the oxide, the method comprising the steps of:
setting a degree of vacuum less than 1×10 −2 Pa until temperature reaches 400° C. during heating of a steel plate comprising, in mass %, C: 0.030% or less, N: 0.030% or less, Si: 1.0% or less, Mn: 1.0% or less, P: 0.05% or less, S: 0.01% or less, Cr: 13% to 25%, Ti: 0.001% to 0.30%, Al: 0.003% to 0.30%, Ga: 0.001% to 0.05%, and a balance comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities;
performing a heat treatment on the steel plate at a soaking temperature of 900° C. to 1200° C. for a soaking time of 1 minute or more and 120 minutes or less; and
adjusting the degree of vacuum to being in a range of 10 −2 Pa to 10 1 Pa after the temperature reaches the soaking temperature in order to obtain the ferritic stainless steel.
12. The method of producing a ferritic stainless steel according to claim 11 , wherein the steel plate further comprises, in mass %, one or more of Mo: 0.3% to 3%, Nb: 0.05% to 1.0%, Ni: 0.1% to 2.0%, Cu: 0.10% to 1.0%, Sn, Sb, Zr, Co, and W: 0.005% to 0.5%, V: 0.03% to 1.0%, B: 0.0001% to 0.0030%, Mg: 0.0001% to 0.0050%, La: 0.001% to 0.1%, Y: 0.001% to 0.1%, Hf: 0.001% to 0.1%, REM: 0.001% to 0.1%, and Ca: 0.0001% to 0.0050%.