Systems and methods for optimal speed protection for power turbine governing
A control system for limiting power turbine torque (QPT) of a gas turbine engine includes a controller including a processor and memory configured to control the gas turbine engine, the controller including an engine control module that provides an effector command signal to a gas generator of the gas turbine engine; a power turbine governor module that outputs a preliminary torque request (QPT_req_pre); and a power turbine torque (QPT) optimal limiter module that outputs a maximum torque topper (QPT_max) to limit a power turbine speed overshoot of the gas turbine engine; wherein the controller outputs a minimum value between the preliminary torque request (QPT_req_pre) and the maximum torque topper (QPT_max) to the engine control module.
1. A control system for limiting power turbine torque of a gas turbine engine, comprising:
a controller including a processor and memory configured to control the gas turbine engine, the controller configured to:
command, via the processor, an effector command signal to a gas generator of the gas turbine engine;
determine, via the processor, a preliminary torque request;
determine, via the processor, a maximum torque topper to limit a power turbine speed overshoot of the gas turbine engine;
determine, via the processor, a minimum value between the preliminary torque request and the maximum torque topper;
receive, via the processor, a real-time output signal from a load system in communication with the gas turbine engine;
receive, via the processor, a desired power turbine speed of the gas turbine engine;
calculate, via the processor, a signal difference by subtracting the real-time output signal from the desired power turbine speed; and
compare, via the processor, the signal difference against a baseline of zero to output a larger positive number between the signal difference and zero.
2. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the minimum value limits a power turbine power or torque of the gas turbine engine.
3. The control system of claim 2 , wherein the minimum value comprises the power turbine power or torque request that is provided to the processor to limit the power turbine power or torque of the gas turbine engine.
4. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the real-time output signal is a power turbine speed signal.
5. The control system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is further configured to multiply, via the processor, the larger positive number by twice the inertia of a power turbine and rotor load, an estimated power turbine torque rate limit, and a scaling factor to generate a multiplication product.
6. The control system of claim 5 , wherein the controller is further configured to calculate a square root of the multiplication product to calculate a relative torque limiter signal.
7. The control system of claim 6 , wherein the controller is further configured to generate an estimated power torque signal of the load system via a rotor load function.
8. The control system of claim 7 , wherein the controller is further configured to add the relative torque limiter signal and the estimated power torque load signal of the load system to the calculate the maximum torque topper.
9. A turboshaft engine for a helicopter, comprising
a gas generator;
a power turbine downstream from the gas generator; and
a controller including a processor and memory configured to control the turboshaft engine, the controller configured to:
send, via the processor, an effector command signal to the gas generator of the turboshaft engine;
determine, via the processor, a preliminary torque request;
determine, via the processor, a maximum torque topper to limit a power turbine speed overshoot of the turboshaft engine;
determine, via the processor, a minimum value between the preliminary torque request and the maximum torque topper;
receive, via the processor, a real-time output signal from a load system in communication with the turboshaft engine;
receive, via the processor, a desired power turbine speed of the turboshaft engine;
calculate, via the processor, a signal difference by subtracting the real-time output signal from the desired power turbine speed; and
compare, via the processor, the signal difference against a baseline of zero to output a larger positive number between the signal difference and zero.
10. The turboshaft engine of claim 9 , wherein the minimum value is at least one of a power turbine power or torque of the turboshaft engine.
11. The turboshaft engine of claim 10 , wherein the minimum value comprises the power turbine power or torque request that is provided to the processor to limit at least one of the power turbine power or torque of the turboshaft engine.