Light detection systems having input and output modulators, and methods of use thereof
Systems for detecting light (e.g., in a flow stream) are described. Light detection systems according to embodiments include a photodetector, an input modulator configured to modulate signal input into the photodetector and an output modulator configured to modulate signal output from the photodetector. Photodetector arrays having a plurality of light detection systems, e.g., as described, are also provided. Methods for matching output signals from two or more photodetectors (e.g., a plurality of photomultiplier tubes in a photodetector array) are also described. Flow cytometer systems and methods for detecting light from a sample in a flow stream are provided. Aspects further include kits having two or more of the subject light detection systems.
1. A light detection system comprising:
a photodetector;
an input modulator configured to modulate signal input into the photodetector, wherein the input modulator comprises an amplifier;
an output modulator configured to modulate signal output from the photodetector; and
a substrate, wherein the photodetector, the input modulator and the output modulator are positioned on a surface of the substrate.
2. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the photodetector comprises a photomultiplier tube.
3. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the photodetector comprises a photodiode.
4. The light detection system according to claim 3 , wherein the photodiode is an avalanche photodiode.
5. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the photodetector comprises a photocathode and an avalanche photodiode.
6. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the amplifier is a transimpedance amplifier.
7. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the input modulator comprises an array of resistors.
8. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the input modulator comprises an array of resistors and capacitors.
9. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the input modulator is configured to increase the current of the signal input into the photodetector.
10. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the input modulator is configured to increase the voltage of the signal input into the photodetector.
11. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the output modulator comprises an amplifier.
12. The light detection system according to claim 11 , wherein the amplifier is a transimpedance amplifier.
13. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the output modulator comprises an array of resistors.
14. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the output modulator comprises an array of resistors and capacitors.
15. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the output modulator is configured to increase the current of the signal output from the photodetector.
16. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the output modulator is configured to increase the voltage of the signal output into the photodetector.
17. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the substrate is a printed circuit board.
18. A method of matching output signals from a first photodetector and a second photodetector, the method comprising:
detecting light from a sample with the first photodetector;
detecting light from the sample with the second photodetector; and
modulating one or more of:
an input signal into the first photodetector via a first input modulator,
an input signal into the second photodetector via a second input modulator, wherein each of the first and second input modulators comprises an amplifier,
the output signal from the first photodetector via a first output modulator, and
the output signal from the second photodetector via a second output modulator, to match the output signals from the first photodetector and the second photodetector, wherein the first photodetector, first input modulator and first output modulator are positioned on a first substrate, and the second photodetector, second input modulator and second output modulator are positioned on a second substrate.
19. A flow cytometer comprising:
a light source for irradiating sample in a flow stream; and
a light detection system comprising:
a photodetector;
an input modulator configured to modulate signal input into the photodetector, wherein the input modulator comprises an amplifier;
an output modulator configured to modulate signal output from the photodetector; and
a substrate, wherein the photodetector, the input modulator and the output modulator are positioned on a surface of the substrate.
20. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the input modulator is positioned on the substrate at a distance of 15 cm or less from the photodetector.
21. The light detection system according to claim 1 , wherein the output modulator is positioned on the substrate at a distance of 15 cm or less from the photodetector.