Process for the synthesis of a cyclodextrin derivative
This invention relates to an improved process for the synthesis of Sugammadex or a salt thereof, to Sugammadex or a salt thereof having high purity as obtained by said process and to pharmaceutical compositions comprising said high purity Sugammadex or a salt thereof.
1. A process for the preparation of Sugammadex or its salts, which comprises:
a) reacting 3-mercaptopropionic acid of formula (III)
with an ionic base to obtain the mono-salt of formula (IV),
wherein M is an alkaline metal;
b) isolating the mono-salt of formula (IV);
c) reacting the mono-salt of formula (IV) with the compound of formula (II) or a hydrate or solvate thereof, in the presence of an ionic base,
wherein X is Cl, Br, I, or OSO 2 R, wherein R is C 1 -C 4 alkyl, optionally substituted by F, Cl, Br or I; phenyl or C 1 -C 4 alkyl-phenyl.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the Sugammadex salt is Sugammadex sodium.
3. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the mono-salt of formula (IV) is the mono-sodium salt of formula (IV-A)
4. The process according to claim 3 , wherein the mono-sodium salt of formula (IV-A) is characterized by having X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern comprising peaks at 6.1 and 24.9±0.2° 2-theta (2θ)).
5. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the ionic base of step a) and step c) is a sodium ionic base.
6. The process according to claim 5 , wherein the ionic base of step a) and step c) is sodium hydroxide.
7. The process according to claim 6 , wherein the sodium hydroxide used in step a) and c) is used in solid form.
8. The process according to claim 2 , wherein step a) is carried out in isopropanol.
9. The process according to claim 2 , wherein step c) is carried out in a mixture of N,N-dimethylformamide and methanol.
10. The process according to claim 2 , wherein step c) takes place at a temperature of between 95° C. to 110° C.
11. The process according to claim 10 , wherein step c) takes place for 4 to 8 hours at 95 to 100° C., followed by 8 to 12 hours at 105 to 110° C.
12. The process according to claim 2 , wherein the compound of formula (II) or a hydrate or solvate thereof is selected from the group consisting of 6-per-deoxy-6-per-chloro-γ-cyclodextrin, 6-per-deoxy-6-per-bromo-γ-cyclodextrin and 6-per-deoxy-6-per-iodo-γ-cyclodextrin or a hydrate or solvate thereof.
13. The process according to claim 12 , wherein the compound of formula (II) or a hydrate or solvate thereof is 6-per-deoxy-6-per-chloro-γ-cyclodextrin, compound of formula (II-A)
or a hydrate or solvate thereof.
14. The process according to claim 13 , wherein the compound of formula (II-A) or a hydrate or solvate thereof is prepared by a process comprising the following steps:
a) reacting a sulfonyl chloride with a tertiary amide compound to form a Vilsmeier reagent; and
b) reacting the Vilsmeier reagent with γ-cyclodextrin.
15. The process according to claim 14 , wherein the sulfonyl chloride is selected from the group comprising methanesulfonyl chloride, ethanesulfonyl chloride, allylsulfonyl chloride, 1-propanesulfonyl chloride, benzenesulfonyl chloride, toluenesulfonyl chloride, 4-ethylbenzenesulfonyl chloride, m-xylene-4-sulfonyl chloride, p-xylene-2-sulfonyl chloride, 4-dodecylbenzenesulfonyl chloride, 2-mesitylenesulfonyl chloride, 2,3,5-trichlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride, 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, 4-bromobenzenesulfonyl chloride, 4-chlorobenzenesulfonyl chloride, heptadecafluorooctanesulfonyl chloride, 1-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride, 2-naphthalenesulfonyl chloride, 1,3,6-naphthalenetrisulfonyl chloride, 2,6-naphthalenedisulfonyl chloride, 1,5-naphthalenedisulfonyl chloride, 1-pyrenesulfonyl chloride, and/or mixtures thereof.
16. The process according to claim 14 , wherein the sulfonyl chloride is methanesulfonyl chloride.
17. The process according to claim 14 , wherein the tertiary amide compound is selected from the group comprising N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and/or mixtures thereof.
18. The process according to claim 16 , wherein the tertiary amide is N,N-dimethylformamide.
19. The process according to claim 14 , wherein the reaction between the Vilsmeier reagent and γ-cyclodextrin of step (b) is carried out in the presence of a chloride salt selected from the group comprising lithium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, cesium chloride, magnesium chloride, calcium chloride, a quaternary ammonium chloride, and/or mixtures thereof.
20. The process according to claim 18 , wherein the chloride salt is lithium chloride.
21. The process according to claim 2 , further comprising the purification of Sugammadex sodium by recrystallization or slurrying in mixtures of water and methanol or ethanol, optionally also using heptane.
22. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the mono-sodium salt of formula (IV-A) is characterized by having X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) pattern further comprising peaks 6.1, 6.6, 24.9, 27.6, 30.2, 30.7 and 37.7±0.2° 2-theta (2θ).