Composition for obtaining protein-rich nutrient supplements from bacterial fermentation process
Protein-rich nutrient supplements and animal feed supplements derived from an anaerobic bacterial process are generated through a myriad of cell rupturing and protein fractionation/purification processes. Bacterial fermentation systems and methods of obtaining one or more protein-containing portions from a fermentation process using carbon monoxide-containing gaseous substrates are provided. The invention further provides compositions of protein-rich nutrient supplements with useful applications for intake by a variety of different animals and humans.
1. A composition of a protein-rich nutrient supplement generated from a fermentation process using anaerobic bacteria, comprising:
a protein-containing portion fractionated from a homogenate, wherein the protein-containing portion includes a protein content of between about 50% to about 95% of the composition, a carbohydrate content of between about 5% to about 35% of the composition, and a nucleic acid content of less than about 15% of the composition,
wherein the homogenate comprises the protein-containing portion and a protein-containing cell debris portion, and is obtained from rupturing a cell-containing suspension containing cells of the anaerobic bacteria, wherein the pH of the cell-containing suspension containing cells of the anaerobic bacteria is adjusted to 7.5 or more before the rupturing,
wherein the anaerobic bacteria is selected from the group consisting of Clostridium autoethanogenum (DSM 10061 of DSMZ Germany), Clostridium coskatii (ATCC PTA-10522), Clostridium ljungdahlii PETC (ATCC 49587), Clostridium liungdahlii ERI2 (ATCC 55380), Clostridium ljungdalilii C-01 (ATCC 55988), Clostridium ljungdahlii O-52 (ATCC 55889), Acetobacteriuin woodii and mixtures thereof,
wherein the cell-containing suspension containing the cells of the anaerobic bacteria is obtained from separating a fermentation liquid broth being delivered out of a fermentation vessel during fermentation of a gaseous substrate by the anaerobic bacteria, and
wherein the fermentation liquid broth is separated into the cell-containing suspension containing the cells of the anaerobic bacteria and a cell-free permeate solution, and the cell-containing suspension containing the cells of the anaerobic bacteria has a cell concentration of 18.5 g/L or more.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the gaseous substrate includes one or more gases comprising carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen gas (H2), and carbon dioxide (CO2).
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the cell debris portion comprises cell wall particulates, cell membrane particulates, protein aggregates, inclusion bodies, nucleic acid, and other components of an anaerobic bacterial cell.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the fermentation liquid broth delivered out of the fermentation vessel is separated into a cell-free permeate solution and the cell-containing suspension, wherein the cell-free permeate solution comprises a hydrocarbon compound selected from the group consisting of ethanol, butanol, acetic acid, butyric acid, and combinations thereof.
5. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the nucleic acid content of the protein-containing portion is less than 2% of the composition.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein a protein content in the protein-containing portion is greater than a carbohydrate content in the protein-containing, portion.
7. A composition of a protein-rich nutrient supplement generated from a fermentation process using an anaerobic bacteria, comprising:
a protein-containing portion fractionated from a homogenate, wherein the protein-containing portion includes a protein content of between about 50% to about 95% of the composition, a carbohydrate content of between about 5% to about 35% of the composition, and a nucleic acid content of less than about 15% of the composition,
wherein the homogenate comprises the protein-containing portion and a protein-containing cell debris portion, and is obtained from rupturing a cell-containing suspension containing cells of the anaerobic bacteria, wherein the pH of the cell-containing suspension containing cells of the anaerobic bacteria is adjusted to 7.5 or more before the rupturing,
wherein the anaerobic bacteria is selected from the group consisting of Clostridium autoethanogenum (DSM 10061 of DSMZ Germany), Clostridium coskatii (ATCC PTA-10522), Clostridium ljungdahlii PETC (ATCC 49587), Clostridium ljungdahlii ERI2 (ATCC 55380), Clostridium ljungdahlii C-01 (ATCC 55988), Clostridium ljungdahlii O-52 (ATCC 55889), Acetobacterium woodii and mixtures thereof,
wherein the cell-containing suspension containing the cells of the anaerobic bacteria is obtained from separating a fermentation liquid broth being delivered out of a fermentation vessel during fermentation of a gaseous substrate by the anaerobic bacteria, and the cell-containing suspension containing the cells of the anaerobic bacteria has a cell concentration of 18.5 g/L, or more.
8. A composition of a protein-rich nutrient supplement generated from a fermentation process using an anaerobic bacteria, comprising:
a protein-containing portion fractionated from a homogenate, wherein the protein-containing portion includes a protein content of between about 50% to about 95% of the composition, a carbohydrate content of between about 5% to about 35% of the composition, and a nucleic acid content of less than about 15% of the composition,
wherein the homogenate is obtained from rupturing cell membranes of the anaerobic bacteria within a cell-containing suspension containing cells of the anaerobic bacteria, wherein the pH of the cell-containing suspension containing cells of the anaerobic bacteria is adjusted to 7.5 or more before the rupturing,
wherein the anaerobic bacteria is selected from the group consisting of Clostridium autoethanogenum (DSM 10061 of DSMZ Germany), Clostridium coskatii (ATCC PTA-10522), Clostridium ljungdahlii PETC (ATCC 49587), Clostridium ljungdahlii ERI2 (ATCC 55380), Clostridium ljungdahlii C-01 (ATCC 55988), Clostridium ljungdahlii O-52 (ATCC 55889), Acetobacterium woodii and mixtures thereof, and
wherein the cell-containing suspension is obtained from a fermentation liquid broth being delivered out of a fermentation vessel during fermentation of a gaseous substrate by the anaerobic bacteria and separating the fermentation liquid broth into a cell-free permeate solution and the cell-containing suspension, and the cell-containing suspension containing the cells of the anaerobic bacteria has a cell concentration of 18.5 g/L or more.
9. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the gaseous substrate includes one or more gases selected from the group consisting of carbon source substrates, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), hydrogen gas (H 2 ), syngas, and combinations thereof.
10. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the homogenate further comprises a protein-containing cell debris portion, and the protein-containing cell debris portion comprises cell wall particulates, cell membrane particulates, protein aggregates, inclusion bodies, nucleic acid, and other components of an anaerobic bacterial cell.
11. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the protein-containing portion comprises a nucleic acid content that is less than about 12% of the composition.
12. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the separating of the fermentation liquid broth into the cell-free permeate solution and the cell-containing suspension is performed by ultrafiltration.
13. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the rupturing of the cell membranes of the anaerobic bacteria within the cell-containing suspension is accomplished by one or more rupturing devices selected from the group consisting of a microfluidics device, a sonication device, an ultrasonic device, a mechanical disruption device, a French press, a freezer, a heater, a pasteurization device, an UV sterilization device, a gamma ray sterilization device, a reactor, a homogenizer, and combinations thereof.
14. The composition of claim 8 , wherein the protein-containing portion is obtained from separating the homogenate using a fractionator selected from the group consisting of a solid-liquid fractionator, a centrifugation device, a continuous centrifuge, a decanter centrifuge, a disc-stack centrifuge, a filtration device, a hollow fiber filtration system, a spiral wound filtration system, a ceramic filter system, a cross-flow filtration device, a size exclusion device, one or series of size exclusion columns, one or series ion exchange columns, one or series of carbon polymer columns, a flow-through magnetic fractionator, and combinations thereof.