Method and apparatus for injecting a chromatographic sample
A method for injecting a diluted sample in a chromatography system includes merging a flow of a sample and a flow of a diluent to form a flow of a diluted sample. A dilution ratio of the diluted sample equals a sum of the volumetric flow rates of the sample and the diluent divided by the volumetric flow rate of the sample. The diluted sample is stored in a holding element before injection into a chromatographic system flow. Sample dilution occurs under low pressure relative to the chromatographic flow thereby allowing lower pressure sample and diluent syringes to be used. Other benefits include reduced compressibility and a reduction in leaks due to the lower pressure operation. The method avoids problems associated with manual techniques which can introduce errors due, for example, to loss of sample, sample precipitation and adsorption of sample to vials.
1. A method for injecting a diluted sample into a chromatographic system flow, comprising:
interleaving discrete fluidic plugs of a sample acquired through a sample needle and discrete fluidic plugs of a diluent acquired through the sample needle to form a flow of a diluted sample, each of the discrete fluidic plugs of the sample having a first volume and each of the discrete fluidic plugs of the diluent having a second volume, the sample comprising at least one analyte dissolved in a solvent, wherein a dilution ratio of the diluted sample equals a sum of the first and second volumes divided by the first volume;
storing the diluted sample in a holding element; and
injecting the diluted sample stored in the holding element into a chromatographic system flow.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the holding element is a holding loop.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the sum of the first and second volumes is less than a volume of the holding loop.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the holding element is a trap column.
5. An apparatus for diluting a chromatographic sample comprising:
a sample needle to acquire discrete fluidic plugs of a sample and discrete fluidic plugs of a diluent;
an injection valve in communication with the sample needle to receive a diluted sample therefrom and in communication with a chromatographic system flow path;
a holding element in communication with the injection valve; and
a control module in communication with the sample needle and the injection valve, the control module controlling volume of the discrete fluidic plugs of the sample and a volume of the discrete fluidic plugs of the diluent to thereby control a dilution ratio of the diluted sample, the control module controlling a state of the injection valve in one of a first state in which the diluted sample is loaded into the holding element and a second state in which the diluted sample is injected from the holding element into the chromatographic system flow path.
6. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the dilution ratio of the diluted sample equals the sum of the first and second volumes divided by the first volume.
7. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the holding element is a holding loop.
8. The apparatus of claim 7 wherein a volume of the diluted sample is less than a volume of the holding loop.
9. The apparatus of claim 5 wherein the holding element is a trap column.
10. A computer program product for injecting a diluted sample into a chromatographic system flow, the computer program product comprising:
a computer readable storage medium having computer readable program code embodied therewith, the computer readable program code comprising:
computer readable program code configured to interleave discrete fluidic plugs of a sample acquired through a sample needle and discrete fluidic plugs of a diluent acquired through the sample needle to form a flow of a diluted sample, each of the discrete fluidic plugs of the sample having a first volume and each of the discrete fluidic plugs of the diluent having a second volume, the sample comprising at least one analyte dissolved in a solvent, wherein a dilution ratio of the diluted sample equals a sum of the first and second volumes divided by the first volume;
computer readable program code configured to store the diluted sample in a holding element; and
computer readable program code configured to inject the diluted sample stored in the holding element into a chromatographic system flow.