Methods of preparing a catalyst utilizing hydrated reagents
A method comprising a) contacting a solvent, a carboxylic acid, and a peroxide-containing compound to form an acidic mixture wherein a weight ratio of solvent to carboxylic acid in the acidic mixture is from about 1:1 to about 100:1; b) contacting a titanium-containing compound and the acidic mixture to form a solubilized titanium mixture wherein an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to carboxylic acid in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:4 and an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to peroxide-containing compound in the solubilized titanium mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:20; and c) contacting a chromium-silica support comprising from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water and the solubilized titanium mixture to form an addition product and drying the addition product by heating to a temperature in a range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C. and maintaining the temperature in the range of from about 50° C. to about 150° C. for a time period of from about 30 minutes to about 6 hours to form a pre-catalyst.
1. A method comprising:
contacting (i) a solvent, (ii) a carboxylic acid, (iii) a titanium-containing compound, (iv) a nitrogen-containing compound, (v) a chromium-containing compound, and (vi) a silica support to form a mixture; and
spray-drying the mixture to form a pre-catalyst powder; wherein:
a weight ratio of solvent to carboxylic acid in the mixture is from about 1:1 to about 100:1;
an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to carboxylic acid in the mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:4;
an equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to nitrogen-containing compound in the mixture is from about 1:1 to about 1:4;
a pH of the mixture is in a range of from about 3.5 to about 4.5; and
the silica support comprises from about 0.1 wt. % to about 20 wt. % water.
2. The method of claim 1 wherein the equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to carboxylic acid in the mixture is about 1:2 and the equivalent molar ratio of titanium-containing compound to nitrogen-containing compound in the mixture is about 1:2.
3. The method of claim 1 wherein the nitrogen-containing compound has Structure 1, Structure 2, Structure 3, Structure 4, Structure 5, or Structure 6:
where
R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 9 , R 10 and R 11 are each independently hydrogen, a C 1 to C 12 organyl group, or a C 6 to C 12 aryl group;
R 4 is a C 1 to C 12 organyl group or a C 6 to C 12 aryl group;
R 5 and R 6 are each independently hydrogen, a C 1 to C 6 organyl group, or a C 6 to C 12 aryl group;
R 7 and R 8 are each independently hydrogen or CH 3 ;
R 12 is a branched C 1 to C 6 alkyl group, a cyclic C 1 to C 6 alkyl group, or a linear C 1 to C 6 alkyl group;
x is an integer from 1 to 4, y is an integer from 1 to 12, and Z is oxygen or sulfur.
4. The method of claim 1 wherein the nitrogen-containing compound comprises an alkanolamine, an amide, an amine, an ammonium hydroxide, a hydroxylamine, a urea, or a combination thereof.
5. The method of claim 1 wherein the nitrogen-containing compound comprises acetamide, ammonia, ammonium hydroxide, tert-butyl amine, creatine, N,N′-dibutyl urea, diethanol amine, diisopropanol amine, dimethylaminoethanol, dimethyl carbamate, dimethyl formamide, acetamide, methyl acetamide, dimethyl acetamide, dimethyl glycine, dimethylisopropanol amine, N,N′-dimethyl urea, ethanol amine, glycol amine, hexyl amine, hydroxyl amine, imidazole, isopropanol amine, N-methyl aniline, methyldiethanol amine, methyl formamide, pyrazole, tetraethylammonium hydroxide, tetramethylammonium hydroxide, triethanol amine, triisopropanol amine, trimethyl amine, urea, or a combination thereof.
6. The method of claim 1 wherein the carboxylic acid comprises a C 1 to C 15 monocarboxylic acid, a C 1 to C 15 dicarboxylic acid, a C 1 to C 15 tricarboxylic acid, a C 1 to C 15 α-hydroxycarboxylic acid, or a combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 wherein the carboxylic acid comprises acetic acid, citric acid, gluconic acid, glycolic acid, glyoxylic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, oxalic acid, phosphonoacetic acid, tartaric acid, glyceric acid, gluconic acid, mandelic acid, 2,4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,6-pyridine dicarboxylic acid, nitrotriacetic acid, α-hydroxyisobutyric acid, methylmalonic acid, phenyl malonic acid, digluconic acid, iminodiacetic acid, hydoxymethyl-2-butyric acid, or a combination thereof.