Method and treatment system for treating mineral or oil sands tailings
A method for treating tailings substrate from mining or oil sands separation process, the tailings substrate comprising an aqueous phase with suspended solid particulate material. In the method, a flocculating agent is added to the tailings substrate, flocs are allowed to form and the formed flocs are separated from the aqueous phase. The flocculating agent comprises a degraded polyacrylamide comprising at least anionic units and having a process water viscosity reduced by 25-99%, preferably 50-99%, compared to a substantially similar polyacrylamide that has not been degraded by a degradation agent, measured at a shear rate 1 s −1 as a 0.4-0.8 weight-% solution of polymer in process water.
1. A method for treating tailings substrate from mining or oil sands separation process, the tailings substrate comprising an aqueous phase with suspended solid particulate material, the method comprising:
(i) adding a flocculating agent to the tailings substrate, which flocculating agent comprises a degraded amphoteric polyacrylamide comprising both anionic and cationic units having a process water viscosity reduced by 25-99% compared to a substantially similar polyacrylamide that has not been degraded by a degradation agent, measured at a shear rate 1 s −1 as a 0.4-0.8 weight-% solution of polymer in process water,
(ii) allowing flocs, which comprise solid particulate material, to form, and
(iii) allowing the formed flocs to separate from the aqueous phase.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the degraded amphoteric polyacrylamide is obtainable by dissolving dry amphoteric polyacrylamide having a standard viscosity (SV) of more than 2.3 cP measured at 0.1 weight-% polymer concentration in 1 M NaCl, at 25° C. and pH 8.0 to 8.5, using Brookfield DVII T viscometer, in an aqueous medium and incorporating in said aqueous medium the degradation agent.
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the amphoteric polyacrylamide to be degraded comprises at least 10 mol-% structural units originating from one or more anionic monomers.
4. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the polyacrylamide to be degraded has an anionic net charge.
5. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the amphoteric polyacrylamide to be degraded comprises one or more anionic monomers and (meth)acrylamide in a mole ratio ranging from 10:90 to less than 100:0.
6. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the degradation agent comprises an iron compound, an iron compound in combination with citric acid or its salts, persulphate, peroxide, sodium chlorite, tin (II) chloride, or percarbonate.
7. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the degradation agent is present in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 10 weight-% of the amphoteric polyacrylamide, calculated as dry.
8. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the flocculating agent is added to the tailings substrate in an amount ranging from 0.1-3 kg/ton of dry tailings.
9. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the formed flocs are separated from the aqueous phase by settling, centrifugation, filtration or thin lift dewatering.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the degraded amphoteric polyacrylamide has a process water viscosity reduced by 50-99% compared to the substantially similar polyacrylamide that has not been degraded by the degradation agent, measured at a shear rate 1 s −1 as a 0.4-0.8 weight-% solution of polymer in process water.
11. The method according to claim 2 , wherein the dry amphoteric polyacrylamide has a standard viscosity (SV) ranging from 2.3-8.0 cP measured at 0.1 weight-% polymer concentration in 1 M NaCl, at 25° C. and pH 8.0-8.5, using Brookfield DVII T viscometer.
12. The method according to claim 3 , wherein the one or more anionic monomers are present in an amount ranging from 20-45 mol-%.
13. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the amphoteric polyacrylamide to be degraded comprises one or more anionic monomers and (meth)acrylamide in a mole ratio ranging from 20:80 to 45:55.
14. The method according to claim 7 , wherein the degradation agent is present in an amount ranging from 1 to 8 weight-% of the amphoteric polyacrylamide, calculated as dry.
15. A treated tailings composition, which comprises:
(a) mineral or oil sand tailings comprising at least an aqueous phase with suspended solid particulate material; and
(b) a flocculating agent comprising a degraded amphoteric polyacrylamide comprising both anionic and cationic units having a process water viscosity reduced by 25-99% compared to a substantially similar polyacrylamide that has not been degraded by a degradation agent, measured at a shear rate 1 s −1 as a 0.4-0.8 weight-% solution of polymer in process water;
wherein said flocculating agent further comprises
(i) water;
(ii) an amphoteric polyacrylamide comprising both anionic and cationic units having a SV of more than 2.3 cP measured at 0.1 weight-% polymer concentration in 1 M NaCl, at 25° C. and pH 8.0-8.5, using Brookfield DVII T viscometer, and
(iii) a degradation agent capable of reducing the standard viscosity of the amphoteric polyacrylamide in an aqueous environment by cleaving the backbone of the amphoteric polyacrylamide, wherein said degradation agent comprises an iron compound or an iron compound in combination with citric acid or its salts.
16. The treated tailings composition according to claim 15 , wherein the degradation agent comprises an iron compound, an iron compound in combination with citric acid or its salts, persulphate, peroxide, sodium chlorite, tin (II) chloride and percarbonate.
17. The treated tailings composition according to claim 15 , wherein the amphoteric polyacrylamide comprises at least 10 mol-% structural units originating from one or more anionic monomers.
18. The treated tailings composition according to claim 17 , wherein the amphoteric polyacrylamide comprises one or more anionic monomers and (meth)acrylamide in a mole ratio of 10:90 to less than 100:0.
19. The treated tailings composition according to claim 15 , wherein the amphoteric polyacrylamide has a SV ranging from 2.3-8.0 cP measured at 0.1 weight-% polymer concentration in 1 M NaCl, at 25° C. and pH 8.0-8.5, using Brookfield DVII T viscometer.
20. The treated tailings composition according to claim 17 , wherein the one or more anionic monomers are present in an amount ranging from 20-45 mol-%.
21. The treated tailings composition according to claim 18 , wherein the amphoteric polyacrylamide comprises one or more anionic monomers and (meth)acrylamide in a mole ratio ranging from 20:80 to 45:55.
22. The treated tailings composition according to claim 15 , wherein the water comprises mineral or oil sands process water.
23. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the degraded amphoteric polyacrylamide is obtainable by copolymerisation of acrylamide and/or (meth)acrylamide together with anionic monomers, cationic monomers, and optionally non-ionic monomers, wherein said cationic monomers may be selected from the group consisting of 2-(di methylamino) ethyl acrylate (ADAM), [2-(acryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride (ADAM-Cl), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate benzylchloride, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate dimethylsulphate, 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (MADAM), [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (MADAM-Cl), 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate dimethyl sulphate, [3-(acryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC), [3-(methacryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC), and diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC).
24. The treated tailings composition according to claim 15 , wherein
(i) the amphoteric polyacrylamide to be degraded has an anionic net charge,
(ii) the degradation agent is present in an amount ranging from 0.5 to 10 weight-% or from 1 to 8 weight-% of the amphoteric polyacrylamide, calculated as dry, and
(iii) the flocculating agent is present in an amount ranging from 0.1-3 kg/ton of dry tailings.
25. The treated tailings composition according to claim 15 , wherein the amphoteric polyacrylamide comprises acrylamide and/or (meth)acrylamide together with anionic monomers, cationic monomers, and optionally non-ionic monomers, wherein said cationic monomers may be selected from the group consisting of 2-(di methylamino) ethyl acrylate (ADAM), [2-(acryloyloxy) ethyl] trimethyl ammonium chloride (ADAM-Cl), 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate benzylchloride, 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate dimethylsulphate, 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (MADAM), [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl] trimethylammonium chloride (MADAM-Cl), 2-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate dimethyl sulphate, [3-(acryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride (APTAC), [3-(methacryloylamino)propyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MAPTAC), and diallyldimethylammonium chloride (DADMAC).