Polymer filament reinforced scaffold for partial meniscus regeneration
A resorbable scaffold for partial meniscus regeneration. The resorbable scaffold includes a polymer filament network and a matrix in the polymer filament network. The polymer filament network includes alternating layers of circumferentially-oriented filaments and radially-oriented filaments, and has a three-dimensional shape and geometry which is substantially the same as a three-dimensional shape and geometry of the resorbable scaffold.
1. A resorbable scaffold for partial meniscus regeneration comprising:
a polymer filament network comprising a first plurality of layers comprising circumferentially-oriented filaments alternating with a second plurality of layers comprising radially-oriented filaments, the polymer filament network having a wedge-shaped cross-section between a first layer and a second layer, wherein:
a number of the circumferentially-oriented filaments sequentially decreases in at least some of the first plurality of layers from the first layer to the second layer, and
a length of the radially-oriented filaments sequentially decreases in at least some of the second plurality of layers from the first layer to the second layer; and
a matrix embedded in the polymer filament network.
2. The resorbable scaffold of claim 1 , wherein the first plurality of layers comprising the circumferentially-oriented filaments alternating with the second plurality of layers comprising the radially-oriented filaments form a repeating pattern such that cutting of the resorbable scaffold into a desired geometrical shape or size does not alter one or more mechanical properties of the resorbable scaffold.
3. The resorbable scaffold of claim 1 , further comprising an attachment flap extending from an outer edge of the resorbable scaffold and configured to provide a substrate for cells to infiltrate after implantation of the resorbable scaffold from a host environment.
4. The resorbable scaffold of claim 3 , wherein the attachment flap is configured to extend outwardly from an upper outer edge or a lower outer edge of the resorbable scaffold.
5. The resorbable scaffold of claim 1 , wherein a number of the circumferentially-oriented filaments is more than a number of the radially-oriented filaments in the polymer filament network to provide a higher tensile strength in a circumferential direction compared to a radial direction of the resorbable scaffold.
6. The resorbable scaffold of claim 1 , wherein the resorbable scaffold is fabricated in the shape of a knee meniscus.
7. The resorbable scaffold of claim 1 , wherein the circumferentially-oriented and the radially-oriented filaments of the polymer filament network are fabricated from a bioresorbable material selected such that a rate of degradation of the bioresorbable material is sufficiently long so as to allow for tissue ingrowth to occur within the bioresorbable material.
8. The resorbable scaffold of claim 1 , wherein the matrix is fabricated from a bioresorbable material selected from the group consisting of proteins, proteoglycans, biocompatible natural polymers, biocompatible synthetic polymers, and combinations thereof.
9. The resorbable scaffold of claim 1 , wherein the matrix is fabricated from proteins comprising collagen.
10. The resorbable scaffold of claim 9 , wherein the collagen is lyophilized and cross-linked.
11. The resorbable scaffold of claim 1 , wherein the polymer filament network is fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) printing.
12. The resorbable scaffold of claim 1 , wherein filaments of the polymer filament network are formed from poly(desamino tyrosyl-tyrosine dodecyl ester dodecanoate).
13. The resorbable scaffold of claim 1 , wherein a distance between each of the circumferentially-oriented filaments of the polymer filament network is inversely proportional to an aggregate compressive modulus of the resorbable scaffold.
14. The resorbable scaffold of claim 1 , wherein one or more mechanical properties of the resorbable scaffold depend upon one or more of the following: diameter of the circumferentially-oriented filaments, length of the circumferentially-oriented fibers, a number of the circumferentially-oriented filaments, distance between each of the circumferentially-oriented filaments, diameter of the radially-oriented fibers, length of the radially-oriented fibers, a number of the radially-oriented filaments, distance between each of the radially-oriented filaments, or material of filaments of the polymer filament network.
15. The resorbable scaffold of claim 1 , wherein the resorbable scaffold is a knee meniscus implant configured to have at least one mechanical property that is substantially similar to that of a native meniscus.
16. The resorbable scaffold of claim 15 , wherein an instantaneous compressive modulus of the resorbable scaffold is about 80% to about 140% of an instantaneous compressive modulus of the native meniscus.
17. The resorbable scaffold of claim 15 , wherein an aggregate compressive modulus of the resorbable scaffold is about 65% to about 140% of an aggregate compressive modulus of the native meniscus.
18. The resorbable scaffold of claim 15 , wherein a tensile stiffness of the resorbable scaffold is about 80% to about 180% of a tensile stiffness of the native meniscus.