Oncolytic virus platform to treat cancers with myxoma virus
Disclosed herein, in certain embodiments, are recombinant myxoma viruses (MYXVs) and nucleic acid constructs encoding the recombinant MYXVs. In some embodiments, the MYXVs are engineered to inactivate or attenuate an activity or expression level of an M153 protein. In some embodiments, the MYXVs are engineered to express one or more transgenes such as a tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-12 (IL-12), or decorin. Also disclosed herein, in certain embodiments, are methods of using the MYXVs. Some embodiments include providing a MYXV as described herein to a subject in need thereof.
1. A myxoma virus (MYXV) having enhanced anti-cancer activity, wherein the MYXV is genetically engineered to attenuate an activity or expression level of its M153 protein, and to express a non-viral molecule, wherein the non-viral molecule is a cytokine or a cell matrix protein.
2. The MYXV of claim 1 , wherein the activity or the expression level of the M153 protein is attenuated at least 80%.
3. The MYXV of claim 1 , wherein the MYXV is engineered to introduce a mutation in a nucleic acid encoding the M153 protein, wherein the mutation comprises an insertion, deletion, or substitution mutation.
4. The MYXV of claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of a nucleic acid encoding the M153 protein in MYXV genome is knocked out.
5. The MYXV of claim 1 , wherein the MYXV comprises an inhibitory molecule targeting M153 transcript that thereby attenuates the M153 protein expression, wherein the inhibitory molecule comprises dsRNA, siRNA, antisense RNA, or miRNA.
6. The MYXV of claim 1 , wherein the non-viral molecule is tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-12 subunit alpha (IL-12α), interleukin-12 subunit beta (IL-12β), or decorin.
7. The MYXV of claim 1 , wherein the non-viral molecule is a human protein.
8. The MYXV of claim 1 , wherein the MYXV expresses at least two non-viral molecules selected from a group consisting of TNFα, IL-12α, IL-12β, and decorin.
9. A composition comprising a plurality of cells treated ex vivo by a MYXV, wherein the MYXV is genetically engineered to attenuate an activity or expression level of its M153 protein, and to express a non-viral molecule, wherein the non-viral molecule is a cytokine or a cell matrix protein.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the plurality of cells comprises peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), bone marrow (BM) cells, or a combination thereof.
11. A recombinant nucleic acid comprising at least a portion of MYXV genome, wherein the portion of the MYXV genome is modified to i) reduce expression of M153 gene, and ii) comprise a nucleic acid encoding a non-viral molecule, wherein the non-viral molecule is a cytokine or a cell matrix protein.
12. The recombinant nucleic acid of claim 11 , wherein the portion of the MYXV genome is modified to knock out at least a portion of the M153 gene in the portion of the MYXV genome.
13. The recombinant nucleic acid of claim 11 , wherein the non-viral molecule is human TNFα (hTNFα), human IL-12α, human IL-12β, or human decorin.
14. The recombinant nucleic acid of claim 11 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the non-viral molecule comprises a vMyx-hTNFα cassette, and the nucleic acid encoding the non-viral molecule replaces or is adjacent to an M135R gene of the MYXV genome.
15. The recombinant nucleic acid of claim 11 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the non-viral molecule comprises a vMyx-hTNFα cassette, and the nucleic acid encoding the non-viral molecule is inserted between an M135R gene and an M136R gene of the MYXV genome.
16. The recombinant nucleic acid of claim 11 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the non-viral molecule comprises an hDecorin-hIL-12 cassette, and the nucleic acid encoding the non-viral molecule replaces at least a portion of the M153 gene of the MYXV genome.
17. The recombinant nucleic acid of claim 11 , wherein the nucleic acid encoding the non-viral molecule comprises a vMyx-hTNFα-hDecorin-hIL-12-M153KO (vMyx-Triple) cassette.
18. A method of inhibiting or alleviating a cancer in a subject in need thereof, comprising administering to the subject a MYXV or a plurality of cells treated with the MYXV, wherein the MYXV is genetically engineered to attenuate an activity or expression level of its M153 protein.
19. The method of claim 18 , wherein the MYXV is further genetically engineered to express a non-viral molecule.
20. The method of claim 19 , wherein the non-viral molecule is tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-12 subunit alpha (IL-12α), interleukin-12 subunit beta (IL-12β), or decorin.
21. The method of claim 18 , wherein the MYXV or the plurality of cells is administered by systemic administration.
22. The method of claim 18 , wherein the administration reduces tumor cell viability, or activates immunogenic cell death in the cancer.
23. The method of claim 18 , wherein the cancer is a solid tumor, an osteosarcoma, triple negative breast cancer, or melanoma.
24. The method of claim 18 , wherein the cancer has metastasized to a lung, a brain, a liver, or a lymph node in the subject.
25. The method of claim 18 , further comprising administering to the subject an immune checkpoint modulator.
26. The method of claim 18 , wherein the administration is performed in a dose and a schedule effective to increase expression of at least two cytokines in PBMC or cancer cells of the subject, wherein the at least two cytokines comprise IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, or TNF-α.
27. The method of claim 18 , wherein the administration is performed in a dose and a schedule effective to reduce volume of the cancer at least 10%.