Storage integrated heat exchanger
A heat exchanger with integrated thermal storage, for example, having a new tertiary side utilising phase change material in between and in thermal contact with the primary and secondary circuits, e.g. of a plate heat exchanger. The tertiary side helps reduce e.g. leak flows in district heating applications, or reduce energy losses in periods of low flow through the heat exchanger. By including thermal energy storage in a heat exchanger or reactor, response times of the systems are reduced as well as internal energy losses, and external energy storage units are reduced in number or are potentially rendered obsolete.
1. A heat exchanger comprising:
a plurality of first zones forming with a first inlet and a first outlet a primary circuit;
a plurality of second zones forming with a second inlet and a second outlet a secondary circuit; and
a plurality of third zones forming a tertiary side in thermal contact with the first and second circuits,
each third zone of the tertiary side comprising three or more different phase change materials wherein each phase change material changes from a lower temperature to an upper temperature phase at a phase transition temperature,
the three or more different phase change materials being physically separated from each other,
wherein each of the three or more different phase change materials has a different phase transition temperature and
wherein the three or more different phase change materials are arranged in a graded manner with respect to the phase transition temperature from an upper portion of the heat exchanger to a lower portion of the heat exchanger or from the first inlet to the first outlet or from the second inlet to the second outlet.
2. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger and the first to third zones being respectively first to third plates.
3. The heat exchanger according to claim 2 , wherein heat transfer enhancing elements are in thermal contact with any of the first to third plates in contact with the phase change material.
4. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein there are thirty or twenty or less different phase change materials in each third zone.
5. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein each of the third zones comprises 3 or 4 or 5 or 6 or 7 or 8 or 9 or 10 different phase change materials.
6. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein three or more different phase change materials have a phase transition temperature in the range from −20° C. to 200° C., 0° C. to 100° C., 15° C. to 65° C., 20° C. to 60° C., or 20° C. to 70° C.
7. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein three or more different phase change materials are separated from one another by a sealant.
8. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein the primary or secondary circuit is fed with gas or liquid.
9. The heat exchanger according to claim 1 , wherein heat transfer enhancing elements are in thermal contact with any of the primary or secondary circuits in contact with the phase change material.
10. A method of operating a heat exchanger according to claim 1 , comprising the steps of:
inputting a first liquid or gas at a first temperature into the first inlet;
providing a first output from the first outlet to an appliance;
providing a second output from the appliance into the second inlet; and
providing a second output from the second outlet to waste and when heat flow in the primary or secondary circuits is interrupted, the three or more different phase change materials release thermal energy stored therein.
11. The method according to claim 10 , wherein upon resuming operation, the three or more different phase change materials are recharged with energy from the primary circuit until the three or more different phase change materials reach a steady standby state again.
12. The method according to claim 10 , wherein the heat exchanger is a plate heat exchanger and the first to third zones being first to third plates.
13. A method of using a heat exchanger according to claim 1 , comprising the steps of:
using the heat exchanger for laundry and providing a first output from the first outlet to an appliance, wherein the appliance is a washing machine.
14. The method of using the heat exchanger according to claim 13 , wherein circulating water in the heat exchanger is heated with heat energy recovered from waste water from a previous washing cycle and stored in the three or more different phase change materials and the heated circulating water is fed to a plurality of washing machines in parallel.