Structurally-colored articles and methods for making and using structurally-colored articles
One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide articles of manufacture and components of articles that incorporate an optical element that imparts structural color to the component or the article. The component comprises a cured or curable material, and can include or be made to have a textured surface.
1. A method of making an article, comprising:
disposing a first side or a second side of an optical element on a first surface of the article, wherein the first surface is defined by a curable material,
wherein the first side of the optical element imparts a structural color to the article;
wherein the optical element is a multilayer reflector or a multilayer filter, wherein the optical element has 2 to 6 layers, wherein each layer of the optical layer, independently, has a thickness of about 10 to 500 nanometers, wherein adjacent layers of the optical element have different refractive indices, wherein each layer of the optical element is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, magnesium fluoride, tantalum pentoxide, aluminum oxide, and a combination thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises, during or after disposing the first side or the second side of the optical element on the first surface, applying actinic radiation to the first surface to at least partially cure the curable material.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein disposing the first side or the second side of the optical element on the first surface comprises:
contacting the first surface of the article with an optical element transfer structure, wherein the optical element is disposed on the optical element transfer structure.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising removing the optical element transfer structure from contact with the article, wherein the optical element remains on the first textured surface of the article.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising:
providing a transfer medium having a transfer medium textured surface;
contacting the transfer medium textured surface with the curable material of the first surface and forming a first textured surface on the curable material; and
removing the transfer medium from the first textured surface while retaining the first textured surface.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises, during or after disposing the first side or the second side of the optical element on the first textured surface on the article, applying actinic radiation to the first textured surface to at least partially cure the curable material.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the transfer medium textured surface is an inverse or relief of the first textured surface of the curable material, and altering the first surface comprises forming an imprint of the transfer medium textured surface on the curable material.
8. The method of claim 5 , further comprising removing the optical element transfer structure from contact with the article, wherein the optical element remains on the first textured surface of the article.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising disposing a primer layer on the first surface prior to disposing the first side or the second side of the optical element on the first surface.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising disposing a primer layer on the first textured surface prior to disposing the first side or the second side of the optical element on the first textured surface.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first surface defined by the curable material includes a first constituent, wherein the first constituent comprises the curable material, wherein the first constituent is selected from a group consisting of a first fiber or filament, a first yarn, a first film, a first textile, or a combination thereof, the method further comprising softening or melting the curable material prior to at least partially curing the curable material, and wherein disposing includes disposing the optical element onto the first constituent or contacting the transfer surface of the transfer medium to the first constituent, or both.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first constituent has an externally-facing surface comprising the curable material; wherein disposing includes disposing the optical element onto the externally-facing surface of the first constituent or contacting the transfer surface of the transfer medium to the externally-facing surface of the first constituent, or both.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein the first surface of the article further includes a second constituent, wherein the second constituent is selected from a group consisting of a second fiber or filament, a second yarn, a second film, a second textile, or a combination thereof, wherein the optical element is not disposed onto the second constituent, the transfer surface of the transfer medium does not contact the second constituent, or both.
14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the second constituent does not include the curable material.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first surface defined by the curable material includes an externally-facing portion which comprises a plurality of fibers in a filamentous conformation that include the curable material, the method further comprising, prior to at least partially curing the curable material, softening or melting the curable material to form a non-filamentous region, and wherein disposing includes disposing the optical element or the transfer medium or both, to the non-filamentous region.
16. An article resulting from the methods of claim 1 .
17. An article of footwear comprising:
an article including an upper having a first surface comprising a cured material; and
an optical element having a first side and a second side opposing the first side, wherein the first side or the second side of the optical element is disposed on the cured material of the first surface and the optical element imparts a structural color to the article;
wherein the optical element is a multilayer reflector or a multilayer filter, wherein the optical element has 2 to 6 layers, wherein each layer of the optical layer, independently, has a thickness of about 10 to 500 nanometers, wherein adjacent layers of the optical element have different refractive indices, wherein each layer of the optical element is made of a material selected from the group consisting of: silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide, zinc sulfide, magnesium fluoride, tantalum pentoxide, aluminum oxide, and a combination thereof.
18. The article of claim 17 , wherein the cured material comprises a thermoset polymer.
19. The article of claim 18 , wherein the thermoset polymer is selected from: a polyurethane, a polysiloxane, a polyurea, a polyamide, a melamine formaldehyde, a polyepoxide, a polyimide, a polyoxybenzylmethylenglycolanhydride, a polycyanurate, a polyester, a urea-formaldehyde, and a combination thereof.
20. The article of claim 17 , wherein the first surface defined by the curable material includes a first constituent, wherein the first constituent comprises the curable material, wherein the first constituent is selected from a group consisting of a first fiber or filament, a first yarn.