Waveguide and video image display device
Both uniformity of brightness and uniformity of color of the outside world are seen via a waveguide. A video image is reflected by a partial reflection surface inside the waveguide that includes an incident surface on which video image light is incident, first and second internal reflection surfaces that propagate the video image light incident from the incident surface while totally reflecting the video image light, and are substantially parallel to each other. A plurality of partial reflection surfaces that reflect a part of the video image light propagating by being totally reflected by the first and second internal reflection surfaces, output the part of the video image light as output light from the first internal reflection surface to the outside of the waveguide, and transmit the part of the video image light being incident, and are disposed substantially parallel to each other inside the waveguide.
1. A waveguide comprising:
an incident surface on which video image light is incident;
first and second internal reflection surfaces that propagate the video image light incident from the incident surface while totally reflecting the video image light, and are substantially parallel to each other; and
a plurality N of partial reflection surfaces that reflect a part of the video image light propagating by being totally reflected by the first and second internal reflection surfaces, output the part of the video image light as output light from the first internal reflection surface to the outside of the waveguide, and transmit the part of the video image light being incident, and are disposed in substantially parallel to each other inside the waveguide, wherein
intensity Ik of output light reflected by a k-th (k is an integer of equal to or greater than 1 and equal to or less than (N−1)) partial reflection surface is equal to or greater than intensity I(k+1) of output light reflected by a (k+1)-th partial reflection surface disposed adjacent to the k-th partial reflection surface in a direction away from the incident surface,
wherein of the plurality N of partial reflection surfaces, a proportion of intensity IN of output light reflected by an N-th partial reflection surface disposed farthest from the incident surface to intensity I 1 of output light reflected by a first partial reflection surface disposed closest to the incident surface is equal to or greater than 0.5.
2. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein
the plurality N of partial reflection surfaces have a substantially equal reflectance.
3. The waveguide according to claim 2 , wherein
a reflectance R of the plurality N of partial reflection surfaces satisfies the following formula:
R≤ 1−0.5{circumflex over ( )}(1/( N− 1)).
4. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein
the plurality N of partial reflection surfaces are substantially parallel to the incident surface.
5. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein
an interval T between the first internal reflection surface and the second internal reflection surface, an angle θ formed between the partial reflection surface and the first or second internal reflection surface, and a lattice spacing SD of the plurality of partial reflection surfaces satisfy the following formula:
SD≤T ×cos θ.
6. The waveguide according to claim 5 , wherein
the lattice spacing SD satisfies the following formula:
SD≥T ×cos θ/2.
7. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein
when a width of an eye box surface being a range in which a person can visually recognize a video image by the output light at a position away from the first internal reflection surface by a distance ER is EH, and an angle of view of a video image by the output light in a plane perpendicular to the incident surface and the first and second internal reflection surfaces is FH, the number N of the plurality of partial reflection surfaces is equal to or greater than a minimum integer Nmin that satisfies the following formula:
Nmin≥tan θ/ T ×(2× ER ×tan ( FH/ 2)+ EH ).
8. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein
the video image light incident on the incident surface has a polarization direction in a plane perpendicular to the incident surface and the first and second internal reflection surfaces.
9. The waveguide according to claim 1 , wherein
of surfaces forming an outer shape of the waveguide, a terminal surface present on a side opposite to the incident surface across the plurality of partial reflection surfaces is substantially parallel to the incident surface.
10. The waveguide according to claim 1 , further comprising
a first coating portion having a transmittance distribution that substantially uniformizes an intensity distribution of the output light, on at least a part of the outside of the first internal reflection surface as a surface forming an outer shape of the waveguide.
11. The waveguide according to claim 10 , further comprising
a second coating portion having a transmittance distribution in which light of a uniform intensity distribution incident from the outside of a housing of the second internal reflection surface is transmitted through the second internal reflection surface and the first internal reflection surface, and is emitted as light of a substantially uniform intensity distribution from the first internal reflection surface, on at least a part of the outside of the second internal reflection surface as a surface forming an outer shape of the waveguide.
12. A video image display device comprising:
a video image generation unit that generates video image light;
a coupling prism; and
a waveguide, wherein
the waveguide includes
an incident surface on which video image light is incident,
first and second internal reflection surfaces that propagate the video image light incident from the incident surface while totally reflecting the video image light, and are substantially parallel to each other, and
a plurality N of partial reflection surfaces that reflect a part of the video image light propagating by being totally reflected by the first and second internal reflection surfaces, output the part of the video image light as output light from the first internal reflection surface to the outside of the waveguide, and transmit the part of the video image light being incident, and are disposed in substantially parallel to each other inside the waveguide, and
intensity Ik of output light reflected by a k-th (k is an integer of equal to or greater than 1 and equal to or less than N) partial reflection surface is equal to or greater than intensity I(k+1) of output light reflected by a (k+1)-th partial reflection surface disposed adjacent to the k-th partial reflection surface in a direction away from the incident surface,
wherein the coupling prism includes a first surface on which the video image light generated by the video image generation unit is incident and a second surface from which the video image light being incident is emitted to the incident surface of the waveguide,
wherein when an angle formed between the partial reflection surface and the second internal reflection surface is θ, an angle formed between the first internal reflection surface and the first surface is substantially 2θ, and
wherein the incident surface and the second surface are substantially parallel to each other.
13. The video image display device according to claim 12 , wherein
the coupling prism has a refractive index of a medium substantially identical to a refractive index of a medium of the waveguide.
14. The video image display device according to claim 12 , wherein
the video image generation unit includes a projection lens that projects the video image light, and
an exit pupil of the projection lens is present at a position substantially equal to a position of a final surface of the projection lens, or is present on the waveguide side with respect to a final surface of the projection lens.