Channel covariance matrix conversion
The present disclosure provides a device, a base station device, and a method for obtaining an estimate of a downlink (DL) covariance matrix from an uplink (UL) covariance matrix. The device and method are particularly suitable for massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) scenarios, and are particularly applicable to Frequency-Division Duplexing (FDD) systems. The device includes a processor configured to compute an angular power spectrum (APS) of an antenna array, in particular in the continuous angular domain, based on the UL covariance matrix of a communication channel and an UL response of the antenna array. Further, the processor is configured to compute the DL covariance matrix of the communication channel based on the APS and a DL response of the antenna array. The base station device includes the device and the antenna array.
1. A base station device for obtaining a downlink (DL) covariance matrix of a communication channel, the base station device comprising:
an antenna array; and
a processor configured to:
compute an angular power spectrum (APS) of the antenna array based on an uplink (UL) covariance matrix of the communication channel and a UL response of the antenna array, wherein computing the APS of the antenna array comprises computing a solution to a feasibility problem which includes a determined constraint to find a vector that is an element of a plurality of sets constructed with measurements of the UL covariance matrix; and
compute the DL covariance matrix of the communication channel based on the APS and a DL response of the antenna array.
2. The base station device according to claim 1 , wherein the solution to the feasibility problem is an element of a closed convex set belonging to a determined Hilbert space.
3. The base station device according to claim 2 , wherein the determined Hilbert space is a Hilbert space of real square Lebesgue integrable functions having an inner product depending on at least one of a geometry and a polarization of the antenna array.
4. The base station device according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to compute the solution to the feasibility problem by using a set-theoretic method.
5. The base station device according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to compute the solution to the feasibility problem by using a projection method.
6. The base station device according to claim 1 , wherein the determined constraint requires that the APS be real-valued.
7. The base station device according to claim 1 , wherein the determined constraint requires that the APS be non-negative or positive.
8. The base station device according claim 1 , wherein the processor is configured to compute the DL covariance matrix by:
mapping the UL covariance matrix into a vectorized form by applying a determined vectorization operation;
computing a vectorized form of the DL covariance matrix based on the vectorized form of the UL covariance matrix and the solution to the feasibility problem; and
mapping the vectorized form of the DL covariance matrix into the DL covariance matrix by applying a reverse of the determined vectorization operation.
9. The base station device according to claim 1 , wherein the UL response and the DL response of the antenna array respectively include components for azimuth and elevation or components for horizontal and vertical polarization.
10. The base station device according to claim 1 , wherein the device is configured with the UL response and the DL response of the antenna array, and
wherein the device is configured to receive an up-to-date UL covariance matrix of the communication channel at a determined time interval.
11. The base station device according to claim 1 , wherein the antenna array is a massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna array.
12. The base station device according to claim 1 , wherein the processor is further configured to use information from a receiver of the DL for computation of at least one of:
the APS,
the UL covariance matrix, or
the feasibility problem.
13. A method of obtaining a downlink (DL) covariance matrix of a communication channel, the method comprising:
computing, by a base station device, an angular power spectrum (APS) of an antenna array of the base station device based on an uplink (UL) covariance matrix of the communication channel and a UL response of the antenna array, wherein computing the APS of the antenna array comprises computing a solution to a feasibility problem which includes a determined constraint to find a vector that is an element of a plurality of sets constructed with measurements of the UL covariance matrix; and
computing, by the base station device, the DL covariance matrix of the communication channel based on the APS and a DL response of the antenna array.
14. The method according to claim 13 , further comprising:
receiving, by the base station device, information of a receiver of the DL.
15. A non-transitory computer-readable medium having processor-executable instructions stored thereon for obtaining a downlink (DL) covariance matrix of a communication channel, wherein the processor-executable instructions, when executed, facilitate:
computing, by a base station device, an angular power spectrum (APS) of an antenna array of the base station device based on an uplink (UL) covariance matrix of the communication channel and a UL response of the antenna array, wherein computing the APS of the antenna array comprises computing a solution to a feasibility problem which includes a determined constraint to find a vector that is an element of a plurality of sets constructed with measurements of the UL covariance matrix; and
computing, by the base station device, the DL covariance matrix of the communication channel based on the APS and a DL response of the antenna array.