Preserving genomic connectivity information in fragmented genomic DNA samples
A method of sequencing a target nucleic acid polymer by (a) modifying a target nucleic acid polymer to produce a modified nucleic acid polymer; (b) producing fragments of the modified nucleic acid polymer, wherein the fragments are attached to locations on a solid support surface (c) determining nucleotide sequences from the fragments at the locations; and (d) producing a representation of the nucleotide sequence for the target nucleic acid polymer based on the nucleotide sequences from the fragments and the relative distances between the locations on the solid support surface.
1. A method of sequencing a target nucleic acid polymer, comprising:
(a) modifying a target nucleic acid polymer to produce a modified nucleic acid polymer, wherein the modified nucleic acid polymer comprises a plurality of sequence regions from the target nucleic acid polymer, wherein the modified nucleic acid polymer is attached to a solid-phase carrier;
(b) after step (a), providing fragments of the modified nucleic acid polymer to a solid support surface, each fragment comprising one of the sequence regions;
(c) capturing the fragments randomly at locations in an area of the solid support surface;
(d) determining nucleotide sequences of the sequence regions by detecting the fragments at the locations;
(e) determining relative physical distances between the fragments at the locations; and
(f) producing a representation of the nucleotide sequence for the target nucleic acid polymer based on the nucleotide sequences from the fragments and the determined relative physical distances between the locations on the solid support surface, wherein the relative physical distances are indicative of distances between the sequence regions along a given strand of the target nucleic acid polymer.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the modifying comprises adding inserts into the target nucleic acid polymer to form the modified nucleic acid polymer, wherein the modified nucleic acid polymer comprises a plurality of internal inserts.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the fragments provided in step (b) each comprise at least a portion of an insert added in step (a).
4. The method of claim 2 , wherein the inserts comprise ligands that attach to receptors on the solid support surface.
5. The method of claim 2 , wherein the inserts are added into the target nucleic acid polymer by transposases, wherein the inserts comprise a first transposon element and a second transposon element, and wherein the transposases are associated with the first transposon element and the second transposon element in a transposome complex.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the first transposon element and the second transposon element each comprise forked adapters.
7. The method of claim 5 , wherein step (b) comprises attaching the modified nucleic acid polymer to the solid support surface prior to the providing of the fragments.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the transposases are removed from the modified nucleic acid polymer prior to the attaching of the modified nucleic acid polymer to the solid support surface.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the transposases are removed from the modified nucleic acid polymer after the attaching of the modified nucleic acid polymer to the solid support surface.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid support surface comprises an interior surface of a flow cell.
11. The method of claim 1 , comprising determining haplotype phase for polymorphisms occurring in the nucleotide sequences for different fragments released from the modified nucleic acid polymer.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid-phase carrier is a bead.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein providing fragments comprises destroying the bead, cleaving the insert, wherein the insert comprises a cleavage site, or amplifying the fragments.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the inserts comprise a pair of universal priming sites and capturing the fragments comprises hybridizing the released fragments to primers on the solid support surface.
15. The method of claim 14 , comprising amplifying the hybridized fragments on the solid support surface to produce amplified fragments on the solid support surface.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein detecting the fragments at the locations comprises sequencing the fragments.
17. The method of claim 10 , wherein providing fragments comprises delivering the solid-phase carrier to the interior surface of the flow cell.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid-phase carrier attached to the modified nucleic acid polymer is allowed to contact the solid support surface by gravity settling.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the solid-phase carrier attached to the modified nucleic acid polymer is attached to the solid support surface using association of a receptor and ligand.